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Shloka 22

आत्मदोष-उपदेशः तथा भीम-धृष्टद्युम्नयोः संयोगः

Self-Causation Counsel and the Bhīma–Dhṛṣṭadyumna Convergence

अश्वानां कुज्जराणां च रथानां चानिवर्तिनाम्‌ | संघाता: सम प्रदृश्यन्ते तत्र तत्र विशाम्पते,प्रजानाथ! उस युद्धस्थलमें जहाँ-तहाँ घोड़ों, हाथियों तथा युद्धसे पीछे न हटनेवाले रथोंके समूह दृष्टिगोचर हो रहे थे

aśvānāṃ kuñjarāṇāṃ ca rathānāṃ cānivartinām | saṃghātāḥ sama-pradṛśyante tatra tatra viśāṃpate prajānātha ||

ข้าแต่พระผู้เป็นใหญ่แห่งปวงชน ในสมรภูมินั้น ณ ที่นั้นที่นี้ ปรากฏชัดเป็นกองแน่นหนาของม้า ช้าง และรถศึกซึ่งไม่หันกลับหนีจากการรบ รวมตัวเป็นกระบวนทัพน่าเกรงขาม

अश्वानाम्of horses
अश्वानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
कुञ्जराणाम्of elephants
कुञ्जराणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुञ्जर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रथानाम्of chariots
रथानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनिवर्तिनाम्of those who do not turn back (unyielding)
अनिवर्तिनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिवर्तिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
संघाताःmasses; groups; clusters
संघाताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंघात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सम्together; fully
सम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्
प्रदृश्यन्तेare seen; appear
प्रदृश्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada, Passive/Impersonal (middle usage)
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
तत्रhere and there
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people (king)
विशाम्पते:
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्पति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by viśāṃpate, prajānātha)
H
horses
E
elephants
C
chariots
B
battlefield (Kurukṣetra context)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the kṣatriya ideal of steadfastness in battle—forces described as anivartin (unretreating). Ethically, it frames the war as a domain where resolve and duty-driven courage are publicly visible, while also hinting at the immense, impersonal machinery of conflict.

Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra what he ‘sees’ on the battlefield: compact groups of horses, elephants, and chariots positioned in many places, presenting a vivid picture of the armies’ massed readiness and the intensity of the engagement.