Shloka 3

Adhyāya 65: Dawn Assembly, Makara–Śyena Vyūhas, and Commander Engagements

Devanagari script

हीनान्‌ पुरुषकारेण मामकानद्य संजय । पातितान्‌ पात्यमानांश्व हतानेव च शंससि

Transliteration

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca |

hīnān puruṣakāreṇa māmakān adya sañjaya |

pātitān pātyamānāṁś ca hatān eva ca śaṁsasi, sañjaya ||

Translation

สัญชัย บัดนี้เจ้ารายงานว่าฝ่ายเราขาดความเพียรกล้า และเจ้ากล่าวถึงพวกเขาว่าล้มแล้ว กำลังถูกโค่นล้ม และราวกับถูกสังหารไปแล้ว วันแล้ววันเล่าพวกเขาถูกศัตรูฆ่าลง—และเจ้าก็นำข่าวอันโหดร้ายนั้นมาให้เราเสมอ

Word by Word

• हीनान्: deprived, lacking
• हीनान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीन (ppp of √हा)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• पुरुषकारेण: by manly effort/valor
• पुरुषकारेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुषकार
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• मामकान्: my men (my sons/side)
• मामकान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मामक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य

• संजय: O Sañjaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• पातितान्: caused to fall, felled
• पातितान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पातित (causative ppp of √पत्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• पात्यमानान्: being made to fall, being struck down
• पात्यमानान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पात्यमान (causative passive present participle of √पत्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• हतान्: slain
• हतान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हत (ppp of √हन्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• इव: as if/like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• शंससि: you report/tell
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शंस्
• Form: Present, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

• संजय: O Sañjaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

धृतराष्ट उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Sañjaya
• māmakāḥ (Kaurava forces)
• śatravaḥ (enemies/opponents)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the tension between puruṣakāra (human effort/valor) and the crushing momentum of war: Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s attachment makes him fixate on reports of defeat, revealing how grief and partiality distort judgment and keep one trapped in repetitive, painful narratives.

What is happening in the narrative?

Dhṛtarāṣṭra reacts to Sañjaya’s battlefield report, complaining that Sañjaya keeps describing the Kaurava side as lacking valor and as being continually felled and slain by the enemy, day after day.