Shloka 40

Adhyāya 6: Pañca-mahābhūta–guṇa-nirdeśa and Sudarśana-dvīpa

Five Elements, Sensory Qualities, and a Cosmographic Island

Devanagari script

समन्वितानि भूतानि तेषु वर्षेषु भारत । एवमेषा महाराज पर्वतैः पृथिवी चिता

Transliteration

saṁanvitāni bhūtāni teṣu varṣeṣu bhārata | evam eṣā mahārāja parvataiḥ pṛthivī citā ||

Translation

โอ ภารตะ! สรรพชีวิตที่อาศัยอยู่ในแดนเหล่านั้นอยู่ร่วมกันด้วยความคบหาและความกลมเกลียว โอ มหาราช! ดังนี้แผ่นดินทั้งสิ้นนี้ประหนึ่งถูกตั้งมั่นและจัดวางอย่างมั่นคงด้วยขุนเขาทั้งหลาย

Word by Word

• समन्वितानि: associated, united, in harmony
• समन्वितानि: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समन्वित
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• भूतानि: beings, creatures
• भूतानि: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• तेषु: in those
• तेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• वर्षेषु: in the regions/varṣas
• वर्षेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• भारत: O Bhārata
• भारत: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• एषा: this (she/this one)
• एषा: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• महाराज: O great king
• महाराज: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• पर्वतैः: by mountains
• पर्वतैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वत
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• पृथिवी: the earth
• पृथिवी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• चिता: has been arranged/ordered (made firm/settled)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चित
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• भारत: O Bhārata
• भारत: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
• Mahārāja (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
• varṣas (regions)
• pṛthivī (earth)
• parvatas (mountains)
• bhūtas (living beings)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights social and ecological interdependence: beings thrive through mutual association, and the earth’s stability is portrayed as supported and structured by mountains—an image of ordered coexistence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya continues a descriptive account of the world’s regions (varṣas), explaining how creatures live together within them and how the earth is conceived as being set in place by its mountain ranges.