Shloka 41

भीष्मधनंजयद्वैरथम्

Bhīṣma–Dhanaṃjaya Duel and the Opening Clash

Devanagari script

परिवार्य रणे भीष्म॑ स्थिता युद्धाय मारिष । आर्य! उस समय अअभश्र॒त्थामा, दुर्योधन और आपके पुत्र विकर्ण--ये सभी समरांगणमें भीष्मको घेरकर युद्धके लिये खड़े थे || ४० हू ।। तथैव पाण्डवा: सर्वे परिवार्य धनंजयम्‌

Transliteration

tathaiva pāṇḍavāḥ sarve parivārya dhanañjayam

Translation

มาริษะ! ในสนามรบ พวกเขาล้อมภีษมะและยืนพร้อมเพื่อศึก; ฉันใดก็ดี ปาณฑพทั้งปวงก็ล้อมธนัญชัย (อรชุน) และตั้งขบวนมั่นคงฉันนั้น

Word by Word

• तथा: thus, in the same way
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• पाण्डवाः: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• परिवार्य: having surrounded
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-√वृ (वृञ् वरणे/वृत्तौ)
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• धनंजयम्: Dhananjaya (Arjuna)
• धनंजयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनंजय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāṇḍavas
• Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights collective responsibility in dharma-yuddha: warriors do not act as isolated heroes but as a disciplined community, protecting and supporting the central fighter (Arjuna) while remaining bound to duty and ethical restraint even amid violence.

What is happening in the narrative?

After describing how Bhīṣma was surrounded on the battlefield, Sañjaya adds that the Pāṇḍavas likewise formed around Arjuna—encircling him in close formation, ready to fight and to safeguard their key archer in the press of combat.