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Shloka 2

Rajo-dhūli-saṃmūḍha-saṅgrāmaḥ

The Dust-Obscured Battle and Mutual Charges

सेनापतिं समाकर्ण्य श्वेतं युधि निपातितम्‌ । तदर्थ यततां चापि परेषां प्रपलायिनाम्‌

senāpatiṁ samākarṇya śvetaṁ yudhi nipātitam | tadarthaṁ yatatāṁ cāpi pareṣāṁ prapalāyinām ||

เมื่อทรงได้ยินว่า ศเวตะแม่ทัพถูกโค่นลงในศึก และแม้ผู้อื่นจะพยายามเพื่อเป้าหมายนั้นอยู่ ก็ยังพากันถอยหนีจากศัตรู (แล้วต่อจากนั้นเกิดสิ่งใดขึ้น?)

senāpatimthe commander of the army
senāpatim:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootsenāpati
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
samākarṇyahaving heard
samākarṇya:
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ā-√kṛ (karṇayati)
Formlyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
śvetamŚveta (the one named Śveta)
śvetam:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootśveta
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
yudhiin battle
yudhi:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootyudh
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
nipātitamfallen / struck down
nipātitam:
TypeVerb
Rootni-√pat
Formkta (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
tadarthamfor that purpose / for that reason
tadartham:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad-artha
yatatāmlet (them) strive / (they) should strive
yatatām:
TypeVerb
Root√yat
FormPresent, Imperative (vidhi-liṅ/loṭ usage varies by tradition; here loṭ sense), Third, Plural, Ātmanepada
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
apialso / even
api:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi
pareṣāmof the others / of the enemy side
pareṣām:
TypeNoun
Rootpara
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
prapalāyināmof those fleeing away
prapalāyinām:
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√palāy
Formśatṛ (present active participle), Masculine, Genitive, Plural

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
Ś
Śveta
S
senāpati (commander)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical tension in war between kṣatriya-duty (steadfastness under danger) and the human impulse to flee when leadership falls; the collapse of a commander can trigger moral and strategic disintegration in an army.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra asks about the consequences after hearing that Śveta, described as a commander, has been killed in battle and that the remaining fighters, despite their efforts, are retreating in panic.