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Shloka 121

गौरुडव्यूह-रचना तथा अर्धचन्द्र-प्रत्यव्यूह

Garuḍa Array and the Ardhacandra Counter-Formation

तावकानां परेषां च नर्दतां च मुहुर्मुहु: । पार्था विमनसो भूत्वा न्यवर्तन्त महारथा: । चिन्तयन्तो वध घोर द्वैरथेन परंतपा:

tāvakānāṁ pareṣāṁ ca nardatāṁ ca muhur muhuḥ | pārthā vimanaso bhūtvā nyavartanta mahārathāḥ | cintayanto vadhaṁ ghoraṁ dvairathena parantapāḥ ||

ครานั้น ทั้งกองทัพของพระองค์และฝ่ายตรงข้ามต่างคำรามโห่ร้องซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่า เหล่าปารถะ—มหารถีผู้เผาผลาญศัตรู—กลับหม่นหมอง ครั้นรำพึงถึงการสังหารอันน่าสยดสยองที่เกิดจากศึกประจัญรถต่อรถ ก็หันกลับและคืนสู่ค่ายด้วยจิตใจอันระทม

तावकानाम्of your (people)
तावकानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
परेषाम्of the others/enemies
परेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नर्दताम्of (those) roaring
नर्दताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootनर्द्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मुहुःagain and again
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः
मुहुःagain and again
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः
पार्थाःthe sons of Pritha (Pandavas)
पार्थाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विमनसःdejected, dispirited
विमनसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविमनस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormAbsolutive (ktvā), Parasmaipada, Non-finite
न्यवर्तन्तthey turned back/returned
न्यवर्तन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormImperfect, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चिन्तयन्तःthinking, reflecting
चिन्तयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचिन्त्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
वधम्slaughter, killing
वधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
घोरम्terrible
घोरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्वैरथेनby/through the chariot-duel
द्वैरथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्वैरथ
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
परंतपाःfoe-scorchers
परंतपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरंतप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'tāvakānām')
K
Kaurava army (tāvakāḥ)
O
Opposing army (pare)
P
Pārthas / Pāṇḍavas
M
Mahārathas
D
Dvairatha (chariot duel)

Educational Q&A

Even in a dharmic war, the narrative highlights the moral and psychological weight of violence: heroic duty does not erase the sorrow and anxiety that follow dreadful slaughter, and warriors may recoil inwardly when confronted with its cost.

Sañjaya reports that amid repeated battle-roars from both armies, the Pāṇḍava great chariot-warriors become dejected, reflect on the terrible killing caused by a chariot duel, and withdraw/return to their camp.