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Shloka 11

गौरुडव्यूह-रचना तथा अर्धचन्द्र-प्रत्यव्यूह

Garuḍa Array and the Ardhacandra Counter-Formation

एके रथं पर्यवहंस्तुरगा: सतुरड्रमम्‌ । युवानं निहतं वीरं लम्बमानं सकार्मुकम्‌

sañjaya uvāca | eke rathaṁ paryavahaṁs turagāḥ sa-turaṅgamam | yuvānaṁ nihataṁ vīraṁ lambamānaṁ sa-kārmukam, jighāṁsantaṁ yudhāṁ śreṣṭha tadā āsīt tumulaṁ mahat |

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา ม้าบางพวกพารถศึกไปด้วยอย่างไร้การควบคุม วิ่งพล่านไปทั่ว ที่รถนั้นมีวีรบุรุษหนุ่มผู้ถูกสังหารห้อยอยู่ ยังติดอยู่กับคันธนูของตน เมื่อเหล่านักรบแนวหน้ารุกเข้ามาด้วยเจตนาจะฆ่า ในขณะนั้นเอง การปะทะก็กลายเป็นศึกใหญ่ อื้ออึงน่าสะพรึงกลัว”

एकेsome (certain ones)
एके:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पर्यवहन्carried/dragged along, bore around
पर्यवहन्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootवह्
FormImperfect, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada, Active, परि,आ
तुरगाःhorses
तुरगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतुरग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
he/that (one)
:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुरड्रमम्a (kind of) standard/banner (reading uncertain)
तुरड्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतुरड्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
युवानम्young
युवानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयुवन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
निहतम्slain
निहतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-हन्
Formkta (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
वीरम्hero, warrior
वीरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
लम्बमानम्hanging, dangling
लम्बमानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootलम्ब्
Formशानच् (present participle, parasmaipada), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
with
:
Saha
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
कार्मुकम्bow
कार्मुकम्:
Saha
TypeNoun
Rootकार्मुक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जिघांसन्तम्wishing to kill
जिघांसन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular, जि (desiderative formation)
युधाम्of battles/fights
युधाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootयुध्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
श्रेष्ठO best (one)
श्रेष्ठ:
Sambodhana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
आसीत्was, occurred
आसीत्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada, Active
तुमुलम्tumultuous, fierce
तुमुलम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied addressee)
C
chariot (ratha)
H
horses (turaga)
A
a young slain warrior (yuvānaṁ nihataṁ vīram)
B
bow (kārmuka)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the grim ethical cost of war: even heroic youth can be reduced to a lifeless body amid chaos, while combatants—driven by the intent to kill—intensify the tumult. It implicitly warns that kṣatriya valor operates within a tragic field where dharma and destruction coexist.

Sañjaya reports a moment of battlefield confusion: horses bolt while still hauling a chariot, and a young warrior lies slain, hanging from the chariot with his bow. Meanwhile, leading fighters surge forward with lethal intent, and the fighting swells into a great uproar.