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Shloka 15

Kṣetra–Kṣetrajña-Jñāna–Jñeya-Viveka

Field, Knower, Knowledge, and the Knowable

स्वयमेवात्मना55त्मान वेत्थ त्वं पुरुषोत्तम । भूतभावन भूतेश देवदेव जगत्पते,हे भूतोंको उत्पन्न करनेवाले! हे भूतोंके ईश्वर! हे देवोंके देव! हे जगत्‌के स्वामी! हे पुरुषोत्तम! आप स्वयं ही अपनेसे अपनेको जानते हैं*

svayam evātmanātmānaṁ vettha tvaṁ puruṣottama | bhūta-bhāvana bhūteśa deva-deva jagat-pate ||

โอ้บุรุษสูงสุด พระองค์ทรงรู้จักพระองค์เองด้วยพระองค์เองเท่านั้น. โอ้ผู้ให้กำเนิดสรรพสัตว์ ผู้เป็นเจ้าแห่งสรรพสัตว์ เทพเหนือเทพ และเจ้าแห่งจักรวาล!

स्वयम्by oneself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
आत्मनाby (your) self
आत्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
आत्मानम्(your) self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
वेत्थyou know
वेत्थ:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formperfect (paroksha), second, singular, parasmaipada
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formnominative, singular
पुरुषोत्तमO best of persons
पुरुषोत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषोत्तम
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
भूतभावनO creator/nourisher of beings
भूतभावन:
TypeNoun
Rootभूतभावन
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
भूतेशO lord of beings
भूतेश:
TypeNoun
Rootभूतेश
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
देवदेवO god of gods
देवदेव:
TypeNoun
Rootदेवदेव
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
जगत्पतेO lord of the world
जगत्पते:
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्पति
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
P
Puruṣottama (Kṛṣṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes the transcendence and self-revealing nature of the Supreme: the highest reality is fully known only to itself. This frames devotion and humility—finite beings approach the divine through reverence and inquiry rather than claiming complete comprehension.

In the Bhīṣma Parva dialogue setting, Arjuna addresses Kṛṣṇa with exalted epithets, acknowledging Kṛṣṇa’s supreme status and the limits of human understanding, preparing the ground for deeper revelation about the divine nature and cosmic order.