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Shloka 41

बभ्रुवाहन-धनंजययोः संग्रामः

Babhruvāhana and Dhanaṃjaya’s engagement at Maṇipūra

एवं ब्रुवत्यां करुणं दुःशलायां धनंजय:,जब दु:शला इस प्रकार करुणायुक्त वचन कहने लगी, तब अर्जुन राजा धृतराष्ट्र और गान्धारी देवीको याद करके दुःख और शोकसे पीड़ित हो क्षत्रिय-धर्मकी निन्‍दा करने लगे --

evaṁ bruvatyāṁ karuṇaṁ duḥśalāyāṁ dhanaṁjayaḥ

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า เมื่อทุศศลาเอ่ยถ้อยคำอันเปี่ยมกรุณาและหนักด้วยความโศก ดนัญชัย (อรชุน) ระลึกถึงพระเจ้าธฤตราษฏระและพระนางคานธารี ก็ถูกความเศร้าและคร่ำครวญครอบงำ แล้วเริ่มตำหนิธรรมของกษัตริย์นักรบซึ่งก่อให้เกิดทุกข์เช่นนี้

एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
ब्रुवत्याम्while (she) was speaking
ब्रुवत्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
Formpresent active participle, Feminine, Locative, Singular
करुणम्pitiably, in a compassionate manner
करुणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकरुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुःशलायाम्in/when (it was) Duḥśalā
दुःशलायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःशला
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
धनंजयःDhanañjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṁpāyana
D
Duḥśalā
D
Dhanaṁjaya (Arjuna)
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
G
Gāndhārī

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical tension between prescribed warrior duty (kṣatriya-dharma) and the human cost of violence: compassion and grief can provoke a moral re-evaluation of actions justified as 'duty,' especially when the consequences devastate families and elders.

Duḥśalā is speaking with deep compassion and sorrow. Hearing her, Arjuna is emotionally shaken; he recalls Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Gāndhārī and, afflicted by grief, begins to criticize the warrior code that culminated in widespread suffering.