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Shloka 53

Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga

Adhyātma-Upadeśa

षडजर्षभ: स गान्धारो मध्यम: पञ्चमस्तथा । अतः परं तु विज्ञेयो निषादो धैवतस्तथा । इष्टश्ानिष्टशब्दश्न॒ संहतः प्रविभागवान्‌

ṣaḍajaṛṣabhaḥ sa gāndhāro madhyamaḥ pañcamas tathā | ataḥ paraṃ tu vijñeyo niṣādo dhaivatas tathā | iṣṭāniṣṭaśabdaś ca saṃhataḥ pravibhāgavān ||

เสียง ‘ษัฑชะ’ (Ṣaḍja) เป็นประธานแห่งสวระทั้งหลาย; ถัดมาคือ คานธาระ (Gāndhāra), มัธยมะ (Madhyama) และ ปัญจมะ (Pañcama) ต่อจากนั้นพึงรู้ว่าเป็น นิษาทะ (Niṣāda) และ ไธวตะ (Dhaivata) ส่วนศัพท—จะน่ารื่นรมย์หรือไม่น่ารื่นรมย์—ย่อมมีความหมายเมื่อถูกร้อยรัดให้ประสานกันอย่างถูกต้อง และจำแนกออกเป็นส่วนๆ ได้

षड्जर्षभःthe ṣaḍja (note) as ‘ṛṣabha’ (bull/leader)
षड्जर्षभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootषड्ज-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःthat/he
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गान्धारःgāndhāra (a musical note/scale-name)
गान्धारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगान्धार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मध्यमःmadhyama (the middle note)
मध्यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चमःpañcama (the fifth note)
पञ्चमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand so/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अतःthereafter/from this
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
परम्further/next
परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपर
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
विज्ञेयःis to be known/should be recognized
विज्ञेयः:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा
FormGerundive (future passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
निषादःniṣāda (a musical note)
निषादः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिषाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धैवतःdhaivata (a musical note)
धैवतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधैवत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
इष्टःdesired/pleasing
इष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनिष्टःundesired/unpleasant
अनिष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शब्दःsound
शब्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संहतःcombined/compacted
संहतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-हन्
FormPast passive participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रविभागवान्having divisions/with distinctions
प्रविभागवान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-विभागवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu-deva
Ṣaḍja
Ṛṣabha
G
Gāndhāra
M
Madhyama
P
Pañcama
N
Niṣāda
D
Dhaivata

Educational Q&A

The verse frames sound as ethically and aesthetically significant: tones may be pleasing or displeasing, but they gain proper value when arranged in harmonious combination and also understood through clear distinctions—suggesting disciplined knowledge and right ordering as the basis of meaningful expression.

Vāyu-deva is explaining the structure of musical sound by naming key notes (svaras) and indicating how sound functions when integrated (saṃhata) and differentiated (pravibhāgavān), as part of a broader instruction on knowledge and refined understanding.