Shloka 49

Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga

Adhyātma-Upadeśa

Devanagari script

रूक्ष: शीतस्तथैवोष्ण: स्निग्धो विशद एव च

Transliteration

rūkṣaḥ śītastathaivoṣṇaḥ snigdho viśada eva ca

Translation

พระวายุเทพตรัสว่า “คุณลักษณะที่รับรู้ด้วยสัมผัสกล่าวว่าได้แก่ แห้ง เย็น ร้อน ลื่น/มัน และใส. ด้วยประการฉะนี้ พราหมณ์ผู้สำเร็จ ผู้รู้ธรรม และผู้เห็นสัจจะ ได้แจกแจงคุณแห่งสัมผัสของลมไว้โดยถูกต้องตามแบบแผน.”

Word by Word

• रूक्षः: dry/rough
• रूक्षः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रूक्ष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शीतः: cold
• शीतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: thus/so/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• उष्णः: hot
• उष्णः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उष्ण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्निग्धः: unctuous/oily
• स्निग्धः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्निग्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विशदः: clear/non-slimy
• विशदः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विशद
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyu-deva
• Brahmins (siddha, dharma-jña, tattva-darśin)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames sensory experience (especially touch) as analyzable into distinct qualities and presents this analysis as a disciplined, authoritative teaching transmitted by realized and dharma-knowing sages—linking correct knowledge of nature with ethical and scriptural order.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyu-deva is speaking in a didactic context, enumerating and characterizing the tactile qualities associated with the wind principle, while affirming that such classification has been properly taught by accomplished Brahmin sages.