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Shloka 42

Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga

Adhyātma-Upadeśa

इष्टश्वानिष्टगन्धश्व मधुरो5म्ल: कटुस्तथा | निहरि संहतः स्निग्धो रूक्षो विशद एव च

iṣṭaśvān iṣṭagandhaś ca madhuro 'mlaḥ kaṭus tathā | nihari saṃhataḥ snigdho rūkṣo viśada eva ca ||

พระวายุตรัสว่า “มีรสและคุณลักษณะที่น่ารื่นรมย์ และมีกลิ่นหอมที่น่ารื่นรมย์ด้วย; มีรสหวาน เปรี้ยว และเผ็ด. อีกทั้งมีคุณลักษณะคือความใส ความแน่น ความมันชุ่ม ความแห้ง และความบริสุทธิ์.”

इष्टpleasant, desirable
इष्ट:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट (इष्-धातोः क्त)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
श्वाsmell/odor
श्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन्
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अनिष्टunpleasant, undesirable
अनिष्ट:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिष्ट (इष्-धातोः क्त, नञ्-पूर्वक)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
गन्धsmell, fragrance/odor
गन्ध:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगन्ध
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मधुरःsweet
मधुरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमधुर
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अम्लःsour
अम्लः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअम्ल
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
कटुःpungent, bitter
कटुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकटु
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
तथाlikewise, also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
निहतःstruck down, subdued
निहतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिहत (नि+हन्-धातोः क्त)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
संहतःcompact, well-knit, consolidated
संहतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंहत (सम्+हन्-धातोः क्त)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स्निग्धःunctuous, oily, smooth
स्निग्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्निग्ध
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
रूक्षःdry, rough
रूक्षः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरूक्ष
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
विशदःclear, pure, bright
विशदः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविशद
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वायुदेव उवाच

वायुदेव (Vāyudeva)

Educational Q&A

The verse catalogs sensory and material qualities—taste, fragrance, and texture-like attributes—suggesting a reflective, analytical approach to experience. In ethical-didactic context, such enumeration supports discernment (viveka): understanding how qualities arise and affect the mind helps one regulate desire and aversion rather than be driven by them.

Vāyudeva is speaking in a didactic passage, listing various tastes and qualities as part of an explanatory discourse. The narration pauses from action to instruction, using classification of qualities to illuminate a broader point about perception, disposition, or the nature of embodied experience.