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Shloka 9

Śrāddha-pravṛtti-kathana and Varjya-dravya-nirdeśa

Origin and Prohibitions in Śrāddha

एष्टव्या बहव: पुत्रा यद्येको5पि गयां व्रजेत्‌ । यत्रासौ प्रथितो लोकेष्वक्षय्यकरणो वट:,“बहुत-से पुत्र पानेकी अभिलाषा रखनी चाहिये, उनमेंसे यदि एक भी उस गया-तीर्थकी यात्रा करे, जहाँ लोकविख्यात अक्षयवट विद्यमान है, जो श्राद्धके फलको अक्षय बनानेवाला है

eṣṭavyā bahavaḥ putrā yady eko 'pi gayāṃ vrajet | yatrāsau prathito lokeṣv akṣayyīkaraṇo vaṭaḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—พึงปรารถนาจะมีบุตรชายมาก ๆ เพราะแม้เพียงคนเดียวในหมู่เขาไปจาริกยังคยา-ตีรถะ—ที่ซึ่งมีอักษยวฏะอันเลื่องลือไปทั่วโลก ผู้ทำให้ผลแห่งศราทธะเป็นอันไม่เสื่อมสูญ—ก็ย่อมนำประโยชน์อันยั่งยืนแก่ปิตฤทั้งหลายได้

एष्टव्याःto be desired / should be wished for
एष्टव्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएष्टव्य (√इष्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बहवःmany
बहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
एकःone
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
गयाम्to Gayā (the sacred place)
गयाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगया
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
व्रजेत्should go
व्रजेत्:
TypeVerb
Root√व्रज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
असौthat (well-known one)
असौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअसौ (तद्-प्रत्ययिक सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रथितःrenowned / famous
प्रथितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथित (√प्रथ्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकेषुin the worlds / among people
लोकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अक्षय्यकरणःmaking (the fruit) imperishable
अक्षय्यकरणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअक्षय्य-करण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वटःbanyan tree
वटः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
G
Gayā
A
Akṣayavaṭa (banyan tree)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches the dharmic value of progeny in the context of pitṛdharma: even a single son who undertakes pilgrimage to Gayā and performs rites connected with Akṣayavaṭa can secure enduring, ‘imperishable’ benefit from śrāddha for the ancestors. Progeny is thus framed as a means of sustaining ancestral obligations and long-term merit.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma, including duties toward ancestors. Here he highlights the famed Gayā-tīrtha and its Akṣayavaṭa, emphasizing that pilgrimage and śrāddha performed there are believed to yield inexhaustible results, and therefore having sons is praised because they can carry out such rites.