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Shloka 2

Śrāddha-pravṛtti-kathana and Varjya-dravya-nirdeśa

Origin and Prohibitions in Śrāddha

भीष्म उवाच हवींषि श्राद्धकल्पे तु यानि श्राद्धविदो विदु: । तानि मे शृणु काम्यानि फलं चैव युधिष्ठिर

bhīṣma uvāca

havīṁṣi śrāddhakalpe tu yāni śrāddhavido viduḥ |

tāni me śṛṇu kāmyāni phalaṁ caiva yudhiṣṭhira ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “โอ้ยุธิษฐิระ จงฟังจากเราเถิดถึงเครื่องบูชา (หวิษยะ) ที่บัณฑิตผู้รู้พิธีศราทธยอมรับว่าเหมาะสมตามศราทธกัลป์ และจงฟังด้วยว่าอันใดควรเลือกเพื่อความปรารถนา และให้ผลเช่นไร”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular
हवींषिoblations
हवींषि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहविस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
श्राद्धकल्पेin the śrāddha-rite procedure
श्राद्धकल्पे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्धकल्प
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुindeed/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यानिwhich
यानि:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
श्राद्धविदःknowers of the śrāddha (rites)
श्राद्धविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्धविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विदुःknow
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Plural
तानिthose
तानि:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
मेto me / for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative/Genitive, Singular
शृणुhear (listen)
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular
काम्यानिdesired / wish-fulfilling
काम्यानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
फलम्fruit/result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/also
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhishthira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
Ś
śrāddha
H
havis (oblations)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma frames śrāddha as a dharmic practice governed by learned tradition: one should know which offerings are sanctioned, which are chosen for specific intended aims (kāmya), and what fruits (phala) follow—linking ritual correctness with ethical responsibility and consequences.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instructional setting, Bhishma continues advising King Yudhishthira. Here he introduces a detailed discussion on śrāddha offerings—what authorities prescribe and what results they produce—preparing to enumerate and explain them in subsequent verses.