Shloka 3
Adhyāya 9: Pratiśruta-Dāna
The Duty to Fulfill Promised Gifts
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच यो न दद्यात् प्रतिश्रुत्य स्वल्पं वा यदि वा बहु आशास्तस्य हता: सर्वा: क्लीबस्येव प्रजाफलम्
Translation
ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “โอ้ยุธิษฐิระ ผู้ใดให้คำมั่นแล้วไม่ให้ ไม่ว่าจะน้อยหรือมาก ความหวังทั้งปวงของผู้นั้นย่อมพินาศ ดุจความหวังผลแห่งบุตรของคนเป็นหมัน”
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Singular
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
दद्यात्would give / should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular
प्रतिश्रुत्यhaving promised
प्रतिश्रुत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिश्रु
FormAbsolutive (Tumun/ktvā-type: -ya), Parasmaipada (usage)
स्वल्पम्a little (amount)
स्वल्पम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वल्प
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
बहुmuch (amount)
बहु:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आशाःhopes, expectations
आशाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआशा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
अस्यof him
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
हताःdestroyed
हताः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPast passive participle (kta), Feminine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वाःall
सर्वाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
क्लीबस्यof an impotent person
क्लीबस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootक्लीब
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
प्रजाफलम्the fruit in the form of offspring
प्रजाफलम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा-फल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes