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Shloka 15

Adhyāya 9: Pratiśruta-Dāna

The Duty to Fulfill Promised Gifts

वानर उवाच सदा चाहं फलाहारो ब्राह्मणानां प्लवड्भम: । तस्मान्न ब्राह्मणस्वं तु हर्तव्यं विदुषा सदा । सम॑ विवादो मोक्तव्यो दातव्यं स प्रतिश्रुतम्‌

vānara uvāca | sadā cāhaṃ phalāhāro brāhmaṇānāṃ plavaṅgamaḥ | tasmān na brāhmaṇasvaṃ tu hartavyaṃ viduṣā sadā | samaṃ vivādo moktavyo dātavyaṃ sa pratiśrutam ||

วานรกล่าวว่า “ข้าพเจ้าเคยดำรงชีพด้วยการขโมยผลไม้ของพราหมณ์มากินอยู่เสมอ ด้วยบาปนั้นเองข้าพเจ้าจึงกลายเป็นวานรดังนี้ เพราะฉะนั้นผู้มีปัญญาไม่พึงลักทรัพย์ของพราหมณ์เป็นอันขาด ไม่พึงก่อวิวาทกับพราหมณ์ และสิ่งใดที่ได้ให้คำมั่นแก่พราหมณ์ไว้ ก็พึงมอบให้โดยแน่นอน”

वानरःthe monkey
वानरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवानर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
फलाहारःone who eats fruits (fruit-eater)
फलाहारः:
TypeNoun
Rootफलाहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
प्लवगःa monkey (one who leaps)
प्लवगः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्लवग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभवम्I became / I was
अभवम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect, First, Singular
तस्मात्therefore / from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्राह्मणस्वम्Brahmin's property
ब्राह्मणस्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणस्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुindeed / but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
हर्तव्यम्should be taken/robbed (i.e., must not be taken)
हर्तव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
Formतव्यत् (gerundive), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive (obligative)
विदुषाby a wise man
विदुषा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
सम्with / together (prefix used adverbially here)
सम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्
विवादःdispute/quarrel
विवादः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविवाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मोक्तव्यःshould be abandoned/avoided
मोक्तव्यः:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
Formतव्यत् (gerundive), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (obligative)
दातव्यम्should be given
दातव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formतव्यत् (gerundive), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive (obligative)
सत्that (thing)
सत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिश्रुतम्promised
प्रतिश्रुतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिश्रुत
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular

वानर उवाच

V
Vānara (the monkey speaker)
B
Brāhmaṇas (Brahmins)
B
Brāhmaṇasva (Brahmin property/wealth)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches restraint and reverence in social-ethical conduct: never steal a Brahmin’s property, avoid disputes with Brahmins, and faithfully fulfill any promise made to them—presented as dharma reinforced by the speaker’s own karmic downfall.

A monkey speaks in a didactic context, confessing that he used to steal and eat fruit belonging to Brahmins and that this wrongdoing led to his degraded state. Using his experience as a warning, he instructs the listener on proper conduct toward Brahmins and on honoring commitments.