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Shloka 3

Go-dāna-stuti and Ghṛta-Japa

Praise of cow-gift and ghee-centered recitation

सतामर्थे सम्यगुत्पादितो यः स वै क्लृप्त: सम्यगाभ्य: प्रजाभ्य: । तस्मात्‌ पूर्व ह्वादिकालप्रवृत्तं गोदानार्थ शृणु राजन्‌ विध्धि मे,राजन! ऋषियोंने सत्पुरुषोंके लिये समीचीन भावसे जिस विधिको प्रकट किया है, वही इन प्रजाजनोंके लिये भलीभाँति निश्चित किया गया है। इसलिये तुम आदिकालसे प्रचलित हुई गोदानकी उस उत्तम विधिका मुझसे श्रवण करो

bhīṣma uvāca | satām arthe samyag utpādito yaḥ sa vai klṛptaḥ samyag ābhyaḥ prajābhyaḥ | tasmāt pūrvaṃ hvādikāla-pravṛttaṃ godānārthaṃ śṛṇu rājan viddhi me ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า: “กฎเกณฑ์ซึ่งเหล่าฤๅษีได้ประกาศไว้โดยชอบเพื่อประโยชน์แห่งสัตบุรุษนั้น ย่อมเป็นข้อปฏิบัติที่ตั้งมั่นดีแล้วสำหรับปวงประชานี้ด้วย. เพราะฉะนั้น ข้าแต่พระราชา จงฟังจากเราถึงวิธีอันประเสริฐแห่งโคทาน ซึ่งสืบเนื่องมาแต่กาลดึกดำบรรพ์ เพื่อท่านจักได้เข้าใจโดยถ่องแท้.”

सताम्of the good (people)
सताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
अर्थेfor the purpose / in the matter
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सम्यक्properly
सम्यक्:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
उत्पादितःbrought forth / produced
उत्पादितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउत्-√पद् (उत्पादयति)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
यःwhich / who
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःthat (same)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
क्लृप्तःfixed / ordained / established
क्लृप्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√कॢप् (क्लृप्यते/कल्पते)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
सम्यक्properly
सम्यक्:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
आभ्यःfrom these
आभ्यः:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Ablative, Plural
प्रजाभ्यःfor the subjects / to the people
प्रजाभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Dative/Ablative, Plural
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
पूर्वम्formerly / earlier
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
ह्वादि-काल-प्रवृत्तम्set in motion from the beginning-time (from ancient times)
ह्वादि-काल-प्रवृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवृत्त (प्र+√वृत्) / काल / ह्वादि
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
गोदान-अर्थम्for the purpose of cow-gifting
गोदान-अर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ / गोदान
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शृणुhear / listen
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Root√श्रु
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
विद्धिknow / understand
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Root√विद्
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
मेof me / to me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive/Dative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
the King (Yudhishthira implied)
S
sages (ṛṣis)
T
the virtuous (sat)
S
subjects/people (prajā)
C
cow-gift (godāna)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that a dharmic rule formulated for the welfare of the virtuous is also binding and beneficial for society at large; therefore, the king should learn and uphold the anciently sanctioned procedure of cow-gift (godāna) as a model of righteous charity.

In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma instructs the king on dharma. Here he transitions into explaining the traditional rite and ethical framework of donating cows, urging the king to listen carefully because it is an ancient, authoritative practice taught by sages.