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Shloka 38

दैव–पुरुषकार-प्रश्नः

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Inquiry: Fate and Human Effort

गोप्रदानेन मिथ्या च ब्राह्मणेभ्यो महामखे । पुरा नृगश्न राजर्षि: कूकलासत्वमागत:,पूर्वकालमें राजर्षि नृग बड़े दानी थे। एक बार किसी महायजञ्ञमें ब्राह्मणोंको गोदान करते समय उनसे भूल हो गयी; अर्थात्‌ एक गऊको दुबारा दानमें दे दिया, जिसके कारण उन्हें गिरगिटकी योनिमें जाना पड़ा

gopradānena mithyā ca brāhmaṇebhyo mahāmakhe | purā nṛgaś ca rājarṣiḥ kūkalāsatvam āgataḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—ในกาลก่อน พระราชฤๅษีนฤคะ ครั้นถวายโคทานแก่พราหมณ์ทั้งหลายในมหายัญ ก็พลาดพลั้งในการทาน (มิจฉาทาน) ด้วยเหตุนี้เองจึงได้ไปบังเกิดเป็นกูกลาสะ—คือกิ้งก่า

गो-प्रदानेनby/through the giving of cows
गो-प्रदानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगोप्रदान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
मिथ्याwrongly; falsely; improperly
मिथ्या:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमिथ्या
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्राह्मणेभ्यःto the Brahmins
ब्राह्मणेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
महामखेin a great sacrifice
महामखे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहामख
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पुराformerly; once
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
नृगःNṛga (the king)
नृगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजर्षिःthe royal sage
राजर्षिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कूकलासत्वम्the state of being a lizard
कूकलासत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकूकलासत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आगतःhaving come to; having attained
आगतः:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
Nṛga
B
Brāhmaṇas
C
cow (go)
M
mahāmakha (great sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

Dāna must be accurate and non-injurious: even an unintended mistake in a sacred gift—especially one that wrongs a recipient—can produce serious karmic results. Good intention does not fully cancel the ethical duty of carefulness and fairness.

Bhīṣma cites an ancient example: the royal sage Nṛga, though famed for generosity, once made an error while donating cows to Brahmins during a great sacrifice (apparently giving the same cow twice). Because of that fault, he later fell into the condition of a lizard.