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Shloka 20

च्यवन-कुशिक-संवादः

Cyavana–Kuśika Dialogue on Hospitality, Service, and Lineage Questions

भीष्म उवाच मातापितृभ्यां यस्त्यक्तः पथि यस्तं प्रकल्पयेत्‌ । न चास्य मातापितरी ज्ञायेतां स हि कृत्रिम:,भीष्मजीने कहा--युधिष्ठिर! माता-पिताने जिसे रास्तेपर त्याग दिया हो और पता लगानेपर भी जिसके माता-पिताका ज्ञान न हो सके, उस बालकका जो पालन करता है, उसीका वह कृत्रिम पुत्र माना जाता है

bhīṣma uvāca mātāpitr̥bhyāṁ yas tyaktaḥ pathi yas taṁ prakalpayet | na cāsya mātāpitarī jñāyetāṁ sa hi kr̥trimaḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ยุธิษฐิระเอ๋ย หากเด็กคนหนึ่งถูกบิดามารดาทอดทิ้งไว้กลางทาง และแม้สืบค้นแล้วก็ไม่อาจรู้ได้ว่าเป็นลูกของผู้ใด ผู้ที่รับเด็กนั้นมาเลี้ยงดูย่อมเป็น ‘บิดากฤตกะ’ ของเขา และเด็กนั้นย่อมเป็น ‘บุตรกฤตกะ’ ของผู้นั้น”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मातापितृभ्याम्by the mother and father (by the parents)
मातापितृभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ/पितृ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Dual
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्यक्तःabandoned
त्यक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्यज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)
पथिon the road
पथि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रकल्पयेत्should arrange/should take up (as one’s own)
प्रकल्पयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-कल्प्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्यof him
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
मातापितरीmother and father (parents)
मातापितरी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ/पितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ज्ञायेताम्would be known/should become known
ज्ञायेताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormOptative, 3rd, Dual, Atmanepada (passive sense)
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
कृत्रिमःadopted/artificial (son)
कृत्रिमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत्रिम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
mother
F
father
A
abandoned child
C
caregiver/adoptive father

Educational Q&A

When a child's biological parents are unknown due to abandonment, dharma recognizes the person who takes responsibility for the child's upbringing as the adoptive parent, and the child as an adoptive (kṛtrima) son—emphasizing duty and care over mere birth.

In Bhishma’s instruction to Yudhishthira on dharma and social/legal norms, he defines the status of a foundling: if the parents cannot be identified, the guardian who raises the child is to be treated as the father in an adoptive sense.