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Shloka 5

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

परं शवाद्‌ ब्राह्मणस्यैव पुत्र: शूद्रापुत्रं पारशवं तमाहु: । शुश्रूषक: स्वस्य कुलस्य स स्यात्‌ स्वचारित्रं नित्यमथो न जह्यात्‌,शूद्राके गर्भसे उत्पन्न हुआ ब्राह्मणका ही जो पुत्र है, वह शवसे अर्थात्‌ शूद्रसे पर-- उत्कृष्ट बताया गया है; इसीलिये ऋषिगण उसे पारशव कहते हैं। उसे अपने कुलकी सेवा करनी चाहिये और अपने इस सेवारूप आचारका कभी परित्याग नहीं करना चाहिये

paraṁ śavād brāhmaṇasyaiva putraḥ śūdrāputraṁ pāraśavaṁ tam āhuḥ | śuśrūṣakaḥ svasya kulasya sa syāt svacāritraṁ nityam atho na jahyāt ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “บุตรของพราหมณ์ที่เกิดจากหญิงศูทร ย่อมถือว่าสูงกว่า ‘ศวะ’ (ศูทรผู้เสื่อมทราม) เพราะฉะนั้นเหล่าฤๅษีจึงเรียกเขาว่า ‘ปารศวะ’ เขาพึงเป็นผู้รับใช้และปรนนิบัติวงศ์ตระกูลของตน และไม่พึงละทิ้งวัตรแห่งการรับใช้นี้เป็นนิตย์”

परम्higher, superior
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शवात्than a Śava (a Śūdra)
शवात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootशव
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
ब्राह्मणस्यof a Brāhmaṇa
ब्राह्मणस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्राof a Śūdra woman
शूद्रा:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पारशवम्a Pāraśava (name of the mixed caste)
पारशवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपारशव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey call / they say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
शुश्रूषकःan attendant, one who serves
शुश्रूषकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशुश्रूषक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वस्यof his own
स्वस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootस्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
कुलस्यof the family/lineage
कुलस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्वचारित्रम्his own prescribed conduct
स्वचारित्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-चारित्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
अथand then / moreover
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
indeed (emphatic particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जह्यात्should abandon
जह्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brāhmaṇa
Ś
Śūdra
P
Pāraśava
ṛṣayaḥ (sages)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-śāstra style norm: a person identified as Pāraśava (Brahmin father, Śūdra mother) is assigned a life of service to the family/lineage and is urged to maintain that customary discipline without abandoning it.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma is instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on social and ethical duties. Here he explains a specific mixed-varṇa designation (Pāraśava) and prescribes the conduct expected of such a person—namely, continued service within the household/lineage.