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Shloka 59

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

समवर्णासु जातानां विशेषो<स्त्यपरो नृप । विवाहवैशिष्ट्यकृत: पूर्वपूर्वो विशिष्यते

samavarṇāsu jātānāṁ viśeṣo 'sty aparo nṛpa | vivāhavaśiṣṭyakṛtaḥ pūrvapūrvo viśiṣyate nareśvara ||

ข้าแต่มหาราช! แม้ในหมู่บุตรที่เกิดจากสตรีผู้มีวรรณะเดียวกัน ก็ยังมีข้อจำแนกอีกประการหนึ่ง เพราะความพิเศษแห่งฐานะการสมรส จึงเกิดลำดับชั้นขึ้น—บุตรที่เกิดจากการสมรสครั้งก่อนย่อมประเสริฐกว่า และบุตรที่เกิดจากการสมรสครั้งหลังย่อมเป็นผู้น้อยกว่า

समवर्णासुamong women of the same varna
समवर्णासु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसमवर्णा
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
जातानाम्of those born (sons)
जातानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootजात
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
विशेषःa distinction, special status
विशेषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविशेष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular
अपरःanother, further
अपरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपO king
नृप:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
विवाहवैशिष्ट्यकृतःcaused by the special status of the marriage
विवाहवैशिष्ट्यकृतः:
Hetu
TypeAdjective
Rootविवाह-वैशिष्ट्य-कृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पूर्वपूर्वःeach earlier one (the one from the earlier marriage)
पूर्वपूर्वः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्वपूर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशिष्यतेis distinguished/excels
विशिष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविशिष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
नरेश्वरO lord of men (king)
नरेश्वर:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (addressed as nṛpa/nareśvara)

Educational Q&A

Even when mothers are of the same varṇa, Bhishma states that the social-legal standing of sons can differ based on the precedence and recognized status of the marriages: the son of the earlier marriage is treated as senior/superior, and the son of a later marriage as junior.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma to the king, he is clarifying rules of familial and social precedence—how lineage ranking among sons is determined not only by varṇa but also by the order and distinct status of marriages.