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Shloka 43

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

प्रणीतमृषिभिर्ज्ञात्वा धर्म शाश्वतमव्ययम्‌ । लुप्यमान स्वधर्मेण क्षत्रियो होष रक्षति,ऋषियोंद्वारा प्रतिपादित अविनाशी सनातन धर्मको लुप्त होता जानकर क्षत्रिय अपने धर्मके अनुसार उसकी रक्षा करता है

praṇītam ṛṣibhir jñātvā dharmaṁ śāśvatam avyayam | lupyamānaṁ svadharmeṇa kṣatriyo hoṣa rakṣati ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “เมื่อรู้แจ้งธรรมะอันเป็นนิตย์และไม่เสื่อมสูญซึ่งฤๅษีทั้งหลายได้สถาปนาไว้ และเห็นว่าธรรมนั้นกำลังถูกบ่อนทำลาย กษัตริย์นักรบย่อมพิทักษ์มันตามสวธรรมของตน โอ้พระราชา”

प्रणीतम्propounded/laid down
प्रणीतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-नी (धातु) → प्रणीत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
ऋषिभिःby sages
ऋषिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
ज्ञात्वाhaving known/understood
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive)
धर्मम्dharma, law/duty
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
शाश्वतम्eternal
शाश्वतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशाश्वत
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अव्ययम्imperishable
अव्ययम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यय
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
लुप्यमानम्being lost/vanishing
लुप्यमानम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootलुप् (धातु) → लुप्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
स्वधर्मेणby/according to one’s own duty
स्वधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
क्षत्रियःthe kshatriya (warrior/ruler)
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
ह्योषindeed this (he)
ह्योष:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि + एष
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, एकवचन

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
R
Rishis
K
Kshatriya
D
Dharma
K
King (addressed as hoṣa)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is an eternal moral order taught by the sages; when it is threatened or fading, the kṣatriya’s svadharma is to safeguard it through rightful protection and governance.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction to the king, he explains the rationale for kṣatriya responsibility: perceiving the decline of established Dharma, the ruler-warrior must act to preserve it in line with his ordained role.