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Shloka 27

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

युधिछिर उवाच शूद्रायां ब्राह्मणाज्जातो यद्यदेयधन: स्मृत: । केन प्रतिविशेषेण दशमो<प्यस्य दीयते

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca—

Śūdrāyāṁ brāhmaṇāj jāto yady adeya-dhanaḥ smṛtaḥ |

Kena prati-viśeṣeṇa daśamo ’py asya dīyate ||

ยุธิษฐิระกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่ปิตามหะ หากบุตรที่เกิดจากพราหมณ์กับสตรีศูทรถูกจดจำในธรรมเนียมว่าไม่ควรได้รับทรัพย์ แล้วด้วยความจำแนกพิเศษประการใด เขาจึงยังได้รับแม้เพียงหนึ่งในสิบส่วนแห่งทรัพย์ของบิดา?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
शूद्रायाम्in/from a Śūdra woman
शूद्रायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रा
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
ब्राह्मणात्from a Brāhmaṇa
ब्राह्मणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
जातःborn
जातः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यद्यif
यद्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
अदेयधनःone to whom wealth is not to be given (disqualified from inheritance)
अदेयधनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअदेयधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis declared/remembered (in tradition)
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
केनby what? / due to what?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रतिविशेषेणby what special distinction/reason
प्रतिविशेषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिविशेष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दशमःthe tenth part
दशमः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदशम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अस्यof him
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
दीयतेis given
दीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Passive

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
brāhmaṇa
Ś
śūdrā
P
paternal wealth (inheritance)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-śāstric problem: how to reconcile a general rule of ineligibility for inheritance with an acknowledged exception granting a limited share. It highlights the Mahābhārata’s method of ethical inquiry—testing rules against nuanced cases and asking for the rationale (viśeṣa) behind exceptions.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira questions an elder/teacher about inheritance: if a son born to a brāhmaṇa from a śūdrā woman is said to be ‘not to receive property,’ why do some authorities still assign him a tenth portion of the father’s wealth?