Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 12

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

ब्राह्मणी तु भवेज्ज्येष्ठा क्षत्रिया क्षत्रियस्य तु रत्यर्थमपि शूद्रा स्यान्नेत्याहुरपरे जना:,ब्राह्मणकी पत्रियोंमें ब्राह्मण-कन्या श्रेष्ठ मानी जाती है, क्षत्रियके लिये क्षत्रिय-कन्या श्रेष्ठ है (वैश्यकी तो एक ही पत्नी होती है; अतः वह श्रेष्ठ है ही) कुछ लोगोंका मत है कि रतिके लिये शूद्र-जातिकी कन्यासे भी विवाह किया जा सकता है; परंतु और लोग ऐसा नहीं मानते (वे शूद्र-कन्याको त्रैवर्णिकोंके लिये अग्राह्म बतलाते हैं)

bhīṣma uvāca | brāhmaṇī tu bhavej jyeṣṭhā kṣatriyā kṣatriyasya tu | ratyartham api śūdrā syān nety āhur apare janāḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ในหมู่ภรรยา หญิงพราหมณ์นับว่าสูงสุด; สำหรับกษัตริย์ หญิงกษัตริย์ย่อมสูงสุด. บางพวกกล่าวว่าเพื่อความร่วมสังวาส แม้หญิงศูทรก็อาจรับได้; แต่คนอื่น ๆ หาได้ยอมรับไม่.”

ब्राह्मणीa Brahmin woman
ब्राह्मणी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
भवेत्would be/should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ज्येष्ठाthe foremost/superior
ज्येष्ठा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियाa Kshatriya woman
क्षत्रिया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियस्यof a Kshatriya (man)
क्षत्रियस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
रति-अर्थम्for the sake of sexual pleasure
रति-अर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootरत्यर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
शूद्राa Shudra woman
शूद्रा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्may be/should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a normative hierarchy of preferred spouses within varṇa (Brahmin woman as foremost; for a Kshatriya, a Kshatriya woman as foremost) while also recording a disagreement: some permit a Shudra woman solely for sexual relations, whereas others reject that permissibility. The emphasis is on dharma-discourse that distinguishes between socially sanctioned marriage norms and contested, limited allowances.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instructional setting, Bhishma is giving guidance on conduct and social-religious norms. Here he reports differing opinions among authorities/people regarding acceptable marital or sexual unions across varṇa lines, indicating that the tradition contains debated positions rather than a single unanimous rule.