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Shloka 53

पात्रलक्षण-परिक्षा (Pātra-Lakṣaṇa Parīkṣā) — Criteria for a Worthy Recipient

पितर: सर्वभूतानां नैतेभ्यो विद्यते परम्‌ ब्राह्मणोंको जो हविष्य अर्पित किया जाता है उसे देवता ग्रहण करते हैं; क्योंकि ब्राह्मण समस्त प्राणियोंके पिता हैं। इनसे बढ़कर दूसरा कोई प्राणी नहीं है

bhīṣma uvāca | pitaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ naitebhyo vidyate param | brāhmaṇeṣu hi yad havir arpyate tad devā gṛhṇanti | yasmād brāhmaṇāḥ sarvaprāṇināṃ pitaraḥ | ebhyaḥ paraṃ na vidyate ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “พราหมณ์ทั้งหลายเป็นบิดาแห่งสรรพสัตว์ทั้งปวง ไม่มีผู้ใดสูงยิ่งกว่าท่านทั้งหลาย เครื่องบูชา (หวิษยะ) ที่ถวายแก่พราหมณ์ เทพเจ้าทั้งหลายย่อมรับไว้ เพราะพราหมณ์ดำรงเป็นบิดาสากลของหมู่สัตว์ทั้งหลาย เหนือกว่านี้หาได้มีผู้ประเสริฐกว่าไม่”

पितरःfathers
पितरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वभूतानाम्of all beings
सर्वभूतानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतेभ्यःthan these (from these)
एतेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Plural
विद्यतेis found/exists
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (विद्/विद्य्) + यक् (passive)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada (passive sense)
परम्higher/superior (thing)
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmins (Brāhmaṇāḥ)
D
Devas (Devāḥ)
H
Havis (sacrificial oblation)

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates the Brahmin as a supreme moral and ritual authority: honoring Brahmins through offerings is portrayed as indirectly honoring the gods, because Brahmins are described as the ‘fathers’ (protective progenitors/guardians) of all beings within the dharmic social and sacrificial order.

In the Anushasana Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on dharma—especially duties, gifts, and the fruits of honoring worthy recipients. Here he emphasizes the religious efficacy of offerings made to Brahmins and their exalted status in the ethical-ritual framework he is teaching.