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Shloka 31

ज्योतींषि शुक्लानि हि सर्वलोके त्रयो लोका लोकपालास्त्रयश्न । त्रयो5ग्नयो व्याहृतयश्न तिस्र: सर्वे देवा देवकीपुत्र एव

jyotīṁṣi śuklāni hi sarvaloke trayo lokā lokapālāś ca trayaḥ | trayo 'gnayo vyāhṛtayaś ca tisraḥ sarve devā devakīputra eva || viśvāvāsaṁ nirguṇaṁ vāsudevaṁ saṅkarṣaṇaṁ jīvabhūtaṁ vadanti | tataḥ pradyumnam aniruddhaṁ caturtham ājñāpayaty ātmayonir mahātmā ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—ในสรรพโลก แสงอันบริสุทธิ์ผ่องใสทั้งปวงคือพระองค์; สามโลกคือพระองค์; ผู้พิทักษ์สามโลกก็คือพระองค์. ไฟศักดิ์สิทธิ์ทั้งสามคือพระองค์ และวาจาศักดิ์สิทธิ์สามประการ (ภูห์ ภุวห์ สวห์) ก็คือพระองค์; แม้เทพทั้งปวงก็มิใช่อื่น นอกจากโอรสแห่งเทวคีผู้นั้น. เขาทั้งหลายกล่าวถึงพระองค์ว่า “วาสุเทวะ”—ผู้ค้ำจุนจักรวาล ผู้พ้นคุณลักษณะ—และว่า “สังกรษณะ” ผู้เป็นหลักแห่งชีวิต. จากพระองค์ปรากฏประทยุมน์และอนิรุทธ; มหาตมันผู้บังเกิดจากตนเองทรงบัญชาและแผ่ขยายพระองค์เป็นภาวะเหล่านั้น.

ज्योतींषिlights, luminaries
ज्योतींषि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
शुक्लानिbright, white
शुक्लानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुक्ल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
सर्वलोकेin the entire world
सर्वलोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकाःworlds
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकपालाःguardians of the worlds
लोकपालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोकपाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अग्नयःfires (Agni-s)
अग्नयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
व्याहृतयःutterances (bhūḥ bhuvaḥ svaḥ)
व्याहृतयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्याहृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तिस्रःthree
तिस्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देवकीपुत्रःson of Devakī
देवकीपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवकीपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवalone, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
संपूर्णcomplete, entire
संपूर्ण:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंपूर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकानाम्of the worlds
लोकानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
शुक्लज्योतयःbright lights
शुक्लज्योतयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशुक्लज्योति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तथाand also, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकाःworlds
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकपालाःworld-guardians
लोकपालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोकपाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रिविधाःthreefold
त्रिविधाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अग्नयःfires
अग्नयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
व्याहृतयःvyāhṛtis
व्याहृतयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्याहृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संपूर्णाःentire, all
संपूर्णाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंपूर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देवकीनन्दनःDevakī's son (Kṛṣṇa)
देवकीनन्दनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवकीनन्दन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रीकृष्णःŚrī Kṛṣṇa
श्रीकृष्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवalone, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विश्वावासम्abode/support of the universe
विश्वावासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वावास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
निर्गुणम्without (material) qualities
निर्गुणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्गुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वासुदेवम्Vāsudeva
वासुदेवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवासुदेव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संकर्षणम्Saṅkarṣaṇa (Balarāma aspect)
संकर्षणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंकर्षण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जीवभूतम्as the living principle; become the jīva
जीवभूतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवभूत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वदन्तिthey say, they call
वदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPresent, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
प्रद्युम्नम्Pradyumna
प्रद्युम्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनिरुद्धम्Aniruddha
अनिरुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनिरुद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चतुर्थम्as the fourth
चतुर्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आज्ञापयतिcommands, enjoins
आज्ञापयति:
TypeVerb
Rootआज्ञा + √पय (causative of √पा/√पि?; standard: √ज्ञा with causative ājñāpay-)
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
आत्मयोनिःself-born (one whose source is himself)
आत्मयोनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मयोनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महात्माthe great-souled one
महात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
Krishna (Devakīputra, Vāsudeva)
D
Devakī
S
Saṅkarṣaṇa
P
Pradyumna
A
Aniruddha
T
Three worlds (trailokya)
L
Lokapālas (guardians of the worlds)
T
Three sacred fires (trayaḥ agnayaḥ)
T
Three vyāhṛtis (bhūḥ, bhuvaḥ, svaḥ)
D
Devas (gods)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a theological and ethical vision of unity: the many cosmic structures revered in Vedic religion—worlds, guardians, fires, sacred utterances, and even the gods—are ultimately grounded in and identified with one supreme reality, here named Krishna/Vāsudeva. This supports a dharmic ethic of single-minded devotion and reverence, seeing the divine as the inner essence of all sacred forms rather than competing powers.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhishma continues instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and sacred knowledge. Here he offers a praise-identification (stuti) of Krishna as the cosmic source, aligning Vedic categories with Krishna and mentioning further divine manifestations (Saṅkarṣaṇa, Pradyumna, Aniruddha) to express how the one Lord unfolds as many.