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Shloka 21

अदिद्वांश्चैव दिद्वांश्न ब्राह्मणो दैवतं महत्‌ । प्रणीतश्नाप्रणीतश्न॒ यथानि्निर्देवतं महत्‌

avidvāṁś caiva vidvāṁś ca brāhmaṇo daivataṁ mahat | praṇītaś cāpraṇītaś ca yathāgnir daivataṁ mahat ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—พราหมณ์จะเป็นผู้รู้หรือไม่รู้ก็ตาม ย่อมเป็นมหาเทวะบนพื้นพิภพนี้ ดุจไฟ—จะได้รับการสถาปนาด้วยพิธีกรรมตามแบบแผนหรือไม่ก็ตาม—ก็ยังเป็นมหาเทวะอยู่นั่นเอง ฉันใดพราหมณ์ก็ควรได้รับความเคารพฉันนั้น

अविद्वान्unlearned, ignorant
अविद्वान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विद्वान्learned, wise
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दैवतम्deity, divine being
दैवतम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदैवत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रणीतःled/installed/established (with rites)
प्रणीतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-नी (नी)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
अप्रणीतःnot installed/established
अप्रणीतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-प्र-नी (नी)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
अग्निःfire (Agni)
अग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दैवतम्deity
दैवतम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदैवत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
brāhmaṇa
A
Agni (fire)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that a brāhmaṇa is to be treated as a ‘great divinity’ regardless of being learned or unlearned, paralleling how fire remains sacred whether or not it has been ritually consecrated. The ethical emphasis is on reverence and restraint in conduct toward sacred social/ritual figures.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma. Here he reinforces norms of honoring brāhmaṇas by using the analogy of Agni: consecration changes ritual status, but not the inherent sacredness attributed to fire.