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Shloka 2

धर्मनिन्दा–धर्मोपासनाफलम् तथा साध्वाचारलक्षणम्

Fruits of Disparaging vs. Observing Dharma; Marks of Good Conduct

चातुर्वर्ण्य भगवता पूर्व सृष्टे स्वयम्भुवा । केन कर्मविपाकेन वैश्यो गच्छति शूद्रताम्‌,भगवान्‌ ब्रह्माजीने पूर्वकालमें जिन चार वर्णोंकी सृष्टि की है, उनमेंसे वैश्य किस कर्मके परिणामसे शूद्रत्वको प्राप्त हो जाता है?

cāturvarṇyaṁ bhagavatā pūrvaṁ sṛṣṭe svayambhuvā | kena karmavipākena vaiśyo gacchati śūdratām ||

ในจตุรวรรณะซึ่งพระผู้เป็นเจ้าผู้บังเกิดด้วยตนเองทรงสร้างไว้แต่ปางก่อนนั้น ด้วยผลสุกงอมแห่งกรรมประการใด ไวศยะจึงตกไปสู่สภาพเป็นศูทร?

चातुर्वर्ण्यम्the fourfold varna-system
चातुर्वर्ण्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचातुर्वर्ण्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भगवताby the Lord
भगवता:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
सृष्टेwhen created / in the creation (having been created)
सृष्टे:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
स्वयम्भुवाby the Self-born (Brahmā)
स्वयम्भुवा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वयम्भू
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
केनby what?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
कर्मविपाकेनby the ripening/result of karma
कर्मविपाकेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मविपाक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वैश्यःa Vaiśya
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गच्छतिgoes, attains
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
शूद्रताम्Śūdra-hood, the state of being a Śūdra
शूद्रताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrīmaheśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
S
Svayambhū (Brahmā)
C
cāturvarṇya (four varṇas)
V
Vaiśya
Ś
Śūdra

Educational Q&A

The verse frames varṇa-status as connected to karma-vipāka (the moral maturation of actions), introducing an ethical inquiry into how conduct and its consequences can lead to decline in social-religious standing.

Maheshvara poses a doctrinal question about the fourfold order created by Svayambhū (Brahmā), specifically asking what kinds of karmic outcomes cause a Vaiśya to fall into the condition of a Śūdra, setting up an explanation in the subsequent verses.