Shloka 42

भुक्ते परिजने पश्चाद्‌ भोजन धर्म उच्यते । ब्राह्मणस्य गृहस्थस्य श्रोत्रियस्थ विशेषत:

bhukte parijane paścād bhojanaṁ dharma ucyate | brāhmaṇasya gṛhasthasya śrotriyastha viśeṣataḥ ||

เมื่อผู้พึ่งพาและคนในเรือนกินอิ่มแล้ว จึงค่อยรับประทานของตน—นั่นแลถูกประกาศว่าเป็นธรรมอันชอบ. ข้อนี้สอนว่าเป็นหน้าที่สำคัญของพราหมณ์ผู้ครองเรือน โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งของผู้เป็นศฺโรตริยะ (พราหมณ์ผู้ศึกษาพระเวทอย่างแตกฉาน).

भुक्तेhas eaten / has been eaten
भुक्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
Formलिट् (perfect), आत्मनेपद, 3, singular
परिजनेin/among the household members (dependents)
परिजने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरिजन
Formmasculine, locative, singular
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात्
भोजनम्eating; meal (one's eating)
भोजनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन
Formneuter, nominative, singular
धर्मःduty; righteous practice
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
उच्यतेis said / is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formलट् (present), आत्मनेपद, passive, 3, singular
ब्राह्मणस्यof a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
गृहस्थस्यof a householder
गृहस्थस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थ
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
श्रोत्रियस्यof a learned Veda-knower (śrotriya)
श्रोत्रियस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootश्रोत्रिय
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
विशेषतःespecially
विशेषतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī-Maheśvara
B
brāhmaṇa
G
gṛhastha
Ś
śrotriya
P
parijana (household/dependents)

Educational Q&A

A householder should prioritize feeding dependents and household members first; only afterward is one’s own meal considered dharmic—especially emphasized for a Brahmin, and even more for a Veda-trained śrotriya.

Maheśvara is instructing on gṛhastha-dharma within the Anuśāsana Parva, defining proper household conduct and the ethical order of eating as a marker of responsibility and restraint.