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Shloka 3

Brahmapūjā-kāraṇa-prśnaḥ and Keśava–Viṣvaksena-stuti

Question on Brahmin veneration; hymn on Kṛṣṇa as cosmic order

कथं केभ्यश्न धर्म्य च दानं दातव्यमिष्यते । कै: कारणै: कतिविध॑ श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः,कैसे और किन लोगोंको धर्मके अनुसार दान देना अभीष्ट है? किन कारणोंसे देना चाहिये? और दानके कितने भेद हो जाते हैं? यह सब मैं यथार्थरूपसे सुनना चाहता हूँ

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | kathaṁ kebhyaś ca dharmyaṁ ca dānaṁ dātavyam iṣyate | kaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ kati-vidhaṁ śrotum icchāmi tattvataḥ ||

ยุธิษฐิระกล่าวว่า “ทานอันชอบธรรมพึงให้โดยวิธีใด และควรให้แก่ผู้ใดจึงจะเหมาะสม? ควรให้ด้วยเหตุใดบ้าง? และทานจำแนกได้กี่ประเภท? ข้าปรารถนาจะฟังทั้งหมดนี้โดยถ่องแท้ตามความจริง”

कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
केभ्यःto whom
केभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
Formall, Dative, Plural
धर्म्यम्righteous, in accordance with dharma
धर्म्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दानम्gift, donation
दानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दातव्यम्is to be given / should be given
दातव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formतव्यत् (gerundive), Passive (obligation), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इष्यतेis desired / is approved
इष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Ātmanepada, 3rd, Singular
कैःby what / with what
कैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
Formall, Instrumental, Plural
कारणैःby reasons, for causes
कारणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
कतिhow many
कति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकति
विधम्kinds, types
विधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रोतुम्to hear
श्रोतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
इच्छामिI wish / I desire
इच्छामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, 1st, Singular
तत्त्वतःin truth, correctly, as it really is
तत्त्वतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्त्वतः

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse frames charity (dāna) as a dharmic discipline requiring discernment: one must know the proper recipients, the proper manner of giving, the right motives, and the recognized classifications of gifts.

Yudhiṣṭhira, seeking clarity on righteous conduct, asks an authoritative elder/teacher to explain the principles of charity—who deserves gifts, how gifts should be given, why one should give, and the different kinds of dāna.