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Shloka 22

Viṣṇu-sahasranāma—Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Recitation (विष्णोर्नामसहस्रम्)

इसके सिवा यह एक दूसरा धर्म भी चित्रगुप्तने बताया है। उसके पृथक्‌ू-पृथक्‌ फलका वर्णन सभी साधु पुरुष सुनें। समस्त प्राणी कालक्रमसे प्रलयको प्राप्त होते हैं ।।

tatra durgamanūprāptāḥ kṣut-tṛṣṇāri-pīḍitāḥ | dahyamānā vipacyante na tatrāsti palāyanam ||

ณ ที่นั้น ครั้นถึงแดนอันยากยิ่งต่อการผ่านไป สรรพสัตว์ถูกศัตรูคือความหิวและความกระหายบีบคั้น ถูกเผาผลาญราวกับถูก ‘ต้มสุก’ ด้วยทุกข์ทรมาน และจากที่นั้นไม่มีทางหลบหนี

तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
Formindeclinable (locative adverb)
दुर्गम्a difficult place/strait
दुर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अनुप्राप्ताःhaving reached
अनुप्राप्ताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-प्राप्
Formpast active participle, masculine, nominative, plural
क्षुत्hunger
क्षुत्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुत्
Formfeminine, instrumental, singular (as first member in compound)
तृष्णाthirst
तृष्णा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतृष्णा
Formfeminine, instrumental, singular (as second member in compound)
अरिenemy
अरि:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअरि
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular (as third member in compound)
पीडिताःafflicted/tormented
पीडिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपीड्
Formpast passive participle, masculine, nominative, plural
दहामानाःbeing burned
दहामानाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदह्
Formpresent middle participle (ātmanepada), masculine, nominative, plural
विपच्यन्तेthey are cooked/tormented intensely
विपच्यन्ते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-पच्
Formpresent tense, 3rd person, plural, ātmanepada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (negation)
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
Formindeclinable (locative adverb)
अस्तिthere is
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
Formpresent tense, 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
पलायनम्escape
पलायनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपलायन
Formneuter, nominative, singular

यम उवाच

Y
Yama
C
Chitragupta

Educational Q&A

Yama emphasizes that beings inevitably face the results of their deeds: when one reaches the harsh post-mortem condition described here, suffering (symbolized by hunger and thirst as ‘enemies’) becomes inescapable. The ethical thrust is to practice dharma now, before consequences become unavoidable.

Yama, citing what Chitragupta has explained about another form of dharma and its distinct fruits, describes a dreadful, difficult realm where beings are afflicted by hunger and thirst and cannot flee—illustrating the ordered, time-bound unfolding of karmic outcomes.