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Shloka 33

Vānaprastha-dharma and Tapas: Śiva–Umā Saṃvāda

Forest-Stage Discipline and Austerity

पितर ऊचु. सुमहानेष प्रश्नो वै यस्त्वया समुदीरित:

pitaras ūcuḥ | sumahān eṣa praśno vai yas tvayā samudīritaḥ |

เหล่าปิตฤกล่าวว่า “โอ้ทูตทิพย์ผู้ท่องไปในนภา คำถามที่เจ้ากล่าวขึ้นนั้นยิ่งใหญ่นัก เจ้าถามเราถึงความลับอันน่าอัศจรรย์และละเอียดลึกซึ้ง แม้เหล่าเทพและฤๅษีก็ยังสรรเสริญพิธีกรรมบูชาบรรพชนนี้”

पितरःthe Pitṛs (manes/ancestors)
पितरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ऊचुःsaid
ऊचुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural
सुमहान्very great
सुमहान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमहान् (महान् + सु-)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रश्नःquestion
प्रश्नः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रश्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
यःwhich/that (who)
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
समुदीरितःraised/uttered
समुदीरितः:
TypeVerb
Rootसमुदीरित (सम्-उद्-ईर् + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

देवदूत उवाच

P
Pitṛs (Pitaras)
D
Devadūta (divine messenger)
D
Devatās (gods)
M
Munis (sages)
P
Pitṛkarman (ancestral rites)

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates pitṛ-karman (ancestral duties such as śrāddha) as a profound dharmic obligation. Honoring ancestors is portrayed as an ethically weighty act praised even by gods and sages, grounding social continuity, gratitude, and responsibility across generations.

The Pitṛs respond to a sky-traveling divine messenger, acknowledging that he has posed an exceptionally important and subtle question. They frame the topic—ancestral rites—as a revered secret of dharma, endorsed by higher beings, preparing to explain its significance.