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Shloka 3

Vānaprastha-dharma and Tapas: Śiva–Umā Saṃvāda

Forest-Stage Discipline and Austerity

वैशम्पायन उवाच एवं पृष्टो नरेन्द्रेण पाण्डवेन यशस्विना । धर्माणां परम॑ गुह्ां भीष्म: प्रोवाच पार्थिवम्‌

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: evaṁ pṛṣṭo narendreṇa pāṇḍavena yaśasvinā | dharmāṇāṁ paramaṁ guhyaṁ Bhīṣmaḥ provāca pārthivam ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า “เมื่อพระราชาปาณฑพผู้มีเกียรติยศทรงถามดังนี้ ภีษมะจึงเริ่มประกาศแก่พระมหากษัตริย์ถึงแก่นแท้แห่งธรรมอันสูงสุดและลี้ลับยิ่ง”

वैशम्पायनःVaishampayana
वैशम्पायनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशम्पायन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
पृष्टःhaving been asked
पृष्टः:
TypeVerb
Rootपृच्छ्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
नरेन्द्रेणby the king (lord of men)
नरेन्द्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनरेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पाण्डवेनby the Pandava
पाण्डवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
यशस्विनाby the glorious/famed one
यशस्विना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootयशस्विन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धर्माणाम्of dharmas / of duties
धर्माणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
परम्supreme, highest
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गुह्यम्secret (teaching/mystery)
गुह्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगुह्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रोवाचdeclared, spoke forth
प्रोवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, प्र
पार्थिवम्to the king / the earthly ruler
पार्थिवम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
P
Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira)
B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

That dharma has an inner, ‘supreme secret’ dimension—beyond mere rules—worthy of careful transmission from an authoritative elder (Bhīṣma) to a responsible ruler (Yudhiṣṭhira).

In Vaiśampāyana’s narration, Yudhiṣṭhira has asked a question, and Bhīṣma begins his response by expounding the deepest principles of dharma to guide the king’s conduct and governance.