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Shloka 2

Daśa-Karmapatha: Restraints of Body, Speech, and Mind (दश कर्मपथ)

भीष्म उवाच कायेन त्रिविधं कर्म वाचा चापि चतुर्विधम्‌ | मनसा त्रिविधं चैव दशकर्मपथांस्त्यजेत्‌,भीष्मजीने कहा--राजन्‌! शरीरसे तीन प्रकारके कर्म, वाणीसे चार प्रकारके कर्म और मनसे भी तीन प्रकारके कर्म--इस तरह कुल दस तरहके कर्मोंका त्याग कर दे

bhīṣma uvāca | kāyena trividhaṃ karma vācā cāpi caturvidham | manasā trividhaṃ caiva daśa-karmapathāṃs tyajet ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา พึงละ ‘ทางแห่งกรรม’ สิบประการ คือกรรมสามอย่างทางกาย กรรมสี่อย่างทางวาจา และกรรมสามอย่างที่เกิดทางใจ”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular
कायेनby the body
कायेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
त्रिविधम्threefold
त्रिविधम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिविध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्मaction/deed
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाचाby speech
वाचा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
चतुर्विधम्fourfold
चतुर्विधम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्विध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मनसाby the mind
मनसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
त्रिविधम्threefold
त्रिविधम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिविध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
दशten
दश:
TypeAdjective
Rootदशन्
FormIndeclinable (numeral used adjectivally), —, —
कर्मपथान्paths/ways of action (courses of conduct)
कर्मपथान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मपथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-ling), 3rd, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (Yudhishthira, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches ethical restraint through the doctrine of the ten karmapathas: one should abandon harmful actions at three levels—body (3), speech (4), and mind (3)—so that conduct becomes aligned with dharma.

In the Anushasana Parva, Bhishma instructs the king on dharma and proper conduct. Here he begins a concise ethical framework, urging the renunciation of ten wrongful courses of action spanning bodily, verbal, and mental behavior.