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Shloka 1

अध्याय १२८: शिव–उमा संवादः — तिलोत्तमा, श्मशान-मेध्यता, तथा चातुर्वर्ण्य-धर्मः

Chapter 128: Śiva–Umā Dialogue—Tilottamā, the Ritual Valence of the Śmaśāna, and the Fourfold Duty-Code

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके ३ ३ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल २५३ “लोक हैं) शीसस्नश्शास्स | भ्निध्ॉप्राध्य चतुर्विशत्यधिकशततमो< ध्याय: नारदका पुण्डरीकको भगवान्‌ नारायणकी आराधनाका उपदेश तथा उन्हें भगवद्धामकी प्राप्ति

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

sāmni cāpi pradāne ca jyāyaḥ kiṃ bhavato matam |

brūhi bharataśreṣṭha yad atra vyatiricyate ||

ยุธิษฐิระกล่าวว่า—“โอ้ผู้ประเสริฐแห่งวงศ์ภารตะ ตามความเห็นของท่าน ระหว่างสามัน (การประนีประนอม) กับทาน (การให้) สิ่งใดเลิศกว่ากัน? โปรดบอกว่าในสองประการนี้ อะไรยิ่งกว่า”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
साम्निin conciliation / in sāman (policy of conciliation)
साम्नि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसामन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
प्रदानेin giving / in gift (dāna)
प्रदाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रदान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ज्यायःbetter, superior
ज्यायः:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्यायस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
किम्what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवतःof you (honorific)
भवतः:
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मतम्opinion, view
मतम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रब्रूहिtell (me), declare
प्रब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
भरतश्रेष्ठO best of the Bharatas
भरतश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यत्which, what (that)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अत्रhere, in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
व्यतिरिच्यतेis distinguished / is superior / differs
व्यतिरिच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + तिरिच्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Atmanepada/Passive

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bharata (dynastic epithet implied by 'bharataśreṣṭha')
S
sāman (policy of conciliation)
D
dāna (policy of giving)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical and practical inquiry in statecraft: when seeking to achieve an end (especially in governance or dispute), which method is preferable—winning others through conciliation (sāman) or through giving/concessions (dāna)? It invites a nuanced hierarchy of means rather than assuming force as the default.

Within the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-focused dialogue, Yudhiṣṭhira asks an elder authority (addressed as ‘best of the Bharatas’) to compare two classical diplomatic strategies—sāman and dāna—and to state which is superior in the given context.