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Shloka 4

Dāna–Tapaḥ Praśaṃsā and Gṛhastha-Upadeśa

Maitreya

पाहि सर्वा: प्रजा: सम्पक्‌ शुभाशुभविदात्मवान्‌ | शुभे: संविभजन्‌ कामैरशुभानां च पावनै:,तुम शुभ और अशुभका ज्ञान प्राप्त करो तथा अपने मन और इन्द्रियोंको वशमें करके भलीभाँति प्रजाका पालन करो। उत्तम भोगोंका दान करते हुए अशुभ दोषोंका मार्जन करके प्रजाको पावन बनाकर आत्मज्ञानी एवं सुप्रसन्न हो जाओ तथा सदा स्वधर्मके आचरणमें तत्पर रहो। तदनन्तर क्षत्रिय-शरीरका त्याग करके ब्राह्मणत्वको प्राप्त करोगे

vyāsa uvāca | pāhi sarvāḥ prajāḥ samyak śubhāśubha-vid ātmavān | śubhaiḥ saṃvibhajan kāmān aśubhānāṃ ca pāvanaiḥ ||

จงคุ้มครองปวงประชาให้ถูกต้องทั่วถึง เป็นผู้มีตนอยู่ในวินัยและรู้จำแนกมงคลกับอวมงคล แบ่งปันความรื่นรมย์และทรัพยากรอันควรด้วยทางอันชอบ และด้วยวิธีอันชำระให้บริสุทธิ์ จงขจัดสิ่งอัปมงคลในหมู่ชน

पाहिprotect (you should protect)
पाहि:
TypeVerb
Rootपा (पालने)
Formलोट्, मध्यम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
सर्वाःall
सर्वाः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
सम्यक्properly, well
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
शुभाशुभविद्knower of good and bad
शुभाशुभविद्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ-अशुभ-विद्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
आत्मवान्self-controlled, possessing self
आत्मवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मवत्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
शुभैःwith good (things/means)
शुभैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशुभ
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
संविभजन्distributing, apportioning
संविभजन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + विभज्
Formशतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
कामैःwith desired enjoyments/benefits
कामैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
अशुभानाम्of the inauspicious (faults/evils)
अशुभानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअशुभ
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पावनैःwith purifying (means/acts)
पावनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपावन
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
P
prajāḥ (subjects/people)
K
kṣatriya (warrior order)
B
brāhmaṇa (brahmin order)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must govern with discernment of good and evil, self-mastery, fair distribution of legitimate enjoyments, and active purification of social harms; steadfast performance of one’s duty leads to inner refinement and higher spiritual attainment.

Vyāsa is instructing a Kṣatriya ruler on rājadharma: protect and nurture the people properly, restrain mind and senses, promote auspicious welfare, remove inauspicious faults through purifying measures, and through sustained dharmic conduct become fit for the higher, Brāhmaṇa-like spiritual state.