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Shloka 3

अहिंसा-आत्मौपम्य-उपदेशः | Instruction on Ahiṃsā and Self-Comparison Ethics

भीष्म उवाच मार्गशीर्षस्य मासस्य चन्द्रे मूलेन संयुते । पादौ मूलेन राजेन्द्र जड्धायामथ रोहिणीम्‌,भीष्मजीने कहा--राजेन्द्र! मार्गशीर्षमासके शुक्लपक्षकी प्रतिपदाको मूल नक्षत्रसे चन्द्रमाका योग होनेपर चन्द्रसम्बन्धी व्रत आरम्भ करे। चन्द्रमाके स्वरूपका इस प्रकार चिन्तन करना चाहिये। देवता-सहित मूलनक्षत्रके द्वारा उनके दोनों चरणोंकी भावना करे और पिण्डलियोंमें रोहिणीको स्थापित करे

bhīṣma uvāca mārgaśīrṣasya māsasya candre mūlena saṃyute | pādau mūlena rājendra jaḍḍhāyām atha rohiṇīm |

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา ในเดือนมารคศีรษะ เมื่อพระจันทร์ประกอบร่วมกับนักษัตรมูละ พึงเริ่มจันทรวรต ครั้นเพ่งพินิจรูปแห่งพระจันทร์ พึงกำหนดว่าพระบาททั้งสองสัมพันธ์กับมูละพร้อมหมู่เทพ แล้วจึงวางโรหิณีไว้ ณ น่องทั้งสอง”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मार्गशीर्षस्यof (the month) Mārgaśīrṣa
मार्गशीर्षस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootमार्गशीर्ष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मासस्यof the month
मासस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootमास
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
चन्द्रेwhen/with the moon (being)
चन्द्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्र
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मूलेनwith (the nakshatra) Mūla
मूलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
संयुतेjoined/associated
संयुते:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-युज्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Locative, Singular
पादौthe two feet
पादौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
मूलेनby/with Mūla
मूलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जड्धायाम्in the shank/calf
जड्धायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजङ्घा
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
अथthen/and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
रोहिणीम्Rohiṇī (nakshatra)
रोहिणीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरोहिणी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājendra (Yudhiṣṭhira, implied addressee)
M
Mārgaśīrṣa (month)
C
Candra (Moon)
M
Mūla (nakṣatra)
R
Rohiṇī (nakṣatra)
D
devatāḥ (deities, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches disciplined devotion through correct timing (Moon conjoined with Mūla) and structured visualization of the deity (mapping nakṣatras onto the Moon’s limbs), presenting dharma as practice that unites calendar-knowledge, vow-taking, and contemplative focus.

Bhishma instructs the king on how to begin a Chandra-related observance in Mārgaśīrṣa: when the Moon is in Mūla, the practitioner should start the vow and meditate on the Moon’s form, assigning Mūla to the feet and Rohiṇī to the calves as part of the ritual visualization.