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Shloka 8

उपवासफलात्मकविधिः — Upavāsa as Yajña-Equivalent Merit

Angiras Teaching

भीष्म उवाच इदं खलु मया राजन्‌ श्रुतमासीत्‌ पुरातनम्‌ । उपवासविधीौ श्रेष्ठा गुणा ये भरतर्षभ,भीष्मजीने कहा--राजन्‌! भरतश्रेष्ठ उपवास करनेमें जो श्रेष्ठ गुण हैं, उनके विषयमें मैंने प्राचीन कालमें इस तरह सुन रखा है

bhīṣma uvāca idaṃ khalu mayā rājan śrutam āsīt purātanam | upavāsavidhau śreṣṭhā guṇā ye bharatarṣabha ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา นี่เป็นคำสอนโบราณที่ข้าเคยได้ยินมาแต่กาลก่อน โอ้ผู้ประเสริฐแห่งวงศ์ภารตะ ข้าจักกล่าวถึงคุณธรรมอันเลิศที่สถิตอยู่ในวิธีถืออุโบสถ (อุปวาส) อันถูกต้อง”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
खलुindeed
खलु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootखलु
मयाby me / by myself
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
श्रुतम्heard
श्रुतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormPast passive participle (kta), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुरातनम्ancient / of old
पुरातनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरातन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उपवासविधौin the procedure/rule of fasting
उपवासविधौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootउपवासविधि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
श्रेष्ठाःexcellent / best
श्रेष्ठाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गुणाःqualities / merits
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwhich
ये:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas (best of Bharatas)
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira

Educational Q&A

Bhishma frames fasting (upavāsa) as a dharmic discipline with specific 'excellent virtues'—a traditional teaching meant to cultivate restraint, purity, and ethical steadiness rather than mere physical deprivation.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction-setting, Bhishma addresses King Yudhishthira and introduces an ancient account he has heard, preparing to explain the proper method and merits of fasting as part of righteous conduct.