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Shloka 3

उपवासफलात्मकविधिः — Upavāsa as Yajña-Equivalent Merit

Angiras Teaching

नियमांश्नोपवासां श्व सर्वेषां ब्रूहि पार्थिव । आप्रोति कां गतिं तात उपवासपरायण:,पृथ्वीनाथ! आप कृपा करके हमें सम्पूर्ण नियमों और उपवासोंकी विधि बताइये। तात! उपवास करनेवाला मनुष्य किस गतिको प्राप्त होता है?

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | Niyamān ca upavāsān ca sarveṣāṃ brūhi pārthiva | Āpnoti kāṃ gatiṃ tāta upavāsa-parāyaṇaḥ ||

ยุธิษฐิระกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา โปรดทรงอธิบายให้ข้าพเจ้าทราบถึงข้อปฏิบัติ (นิยามะ) และการถืออุโบสถ/อดอาหารทั้งปวงโดยพิสดารเถิด ท่านผู้เป็นดุจบิดา ผู้มุ่งมั่นในอุโบสถย่อมบรรลุคติใด?”

नियमान्rules, observances
नियमान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनियम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपवासान्fasts
उपवासान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपवास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
ब्रूहिtell (you should tell)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
आप्नोतिattains
आप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
काम्which (what kind of)
काम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्state, course, destiny
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तातO dear one / O father (term of address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
उपवास-परायणःone devoted to fasting
उपवास-परायणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

युधिष्ठिर (Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames fasting (upavāsa) and disciplined observances (niyama) as ethically significant practices whose value lies in their intended spiritual outcome—prompting an inquiry into the ‘gati’ (destiny/attainment) that such self-restraint yields.

Yudhiṣṭhira, seeking guidance on dharma, respectfully asks a kingly authority to explain the methods of various observances and fasts, and specifically asks what final state is attained by one devoted to fasting.