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Shloka 55

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

(देवालये5थ गोवन्दे चैत्ये सस्येषु विश्रमे । भक्ष्यान्‌ भूक्त्वा क्षुतेअध्वानं गत्वा मूत्रपुरीषयो: ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | devālaye 'tha govande caitye sasy eṣu viśrame | bhakṣyān bhuktvā kṣute 'dhvānaṃ gatvā mūtrapurīṣayoḥ || dvir ācāmed yathānyāyaṃ hṛdagataṃ tu pibann apaḥ | annaṃ bubhukṣamāṇas tu trir mukhena spṛśed apaḥ | bhuktvā cānnaṃ tathaiva trir dviḥ punaḥ parimārjayet ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—ไม่พึงถ่ายปัสสาวะหรืออุจจาระใกล้เทวาลัย ท่ามกลางโคหมู่ ณ ไจตยะ/สถานศักดิ์สิทธิ์ ใกล้ต้นไม้ที่เกี่ยวกับการบูชา ใกล้ที่พัก และในนาที่พืชผลกำลังงอกงาม ครั้นกินอาหารแล้ว ครั้นจามแล้ว ครั้นเดินทางบนถนนแล้ว และครั้นถ่ายแล้ว พึงชำระให้ถูกต้องตามวินัย แล้วทำอาจามนะสองครั้ง—ดื่มน้ำให้รู้สึกว่าถึงดวงใจ ผู้จะกินอาหารพึงแตะน้ำที่ปากสามครั้ง (อาจามนะ) และหลังอาหารก็พึงทำเช่นนั้นสามครั้ง แล้วเช็ดปากสองครั้ง

देवालयेin/near a temple
देवालये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदेवालय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
गोविन्देin/near a cow-pen/cow-enclosure (lit. finder/protector of cows)
गोविन्दे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगोविन्द
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
चैत्येat a sacred place/shrine
चैत्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचैत्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सस्येषुin crops/standing grain
सस्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसस्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
विश्रमेat a resting-place
विश्रमे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविश्रम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भक्ष्यान्edibles/foods
भक्ष्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभक्ष्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भुक्त्वाhaving eaten
भुक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
क्षुतेon sneezing/at a sneeze
क्षुते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुत्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
अध्वानम्a journey/road-travel
अध्वानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअध्वन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गत्वाhaving gone
गत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
मूत्रपुरीषयोःof urine and feces
मूत्रपुरीषयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootमूत्रपुरीष
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual
द्विःtwice
द्विः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्विः
आचामेत्should sip (water) / should perform ācamana
आचामेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-चम्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यथाas/according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
न्यायम्rule/proper procedure
न्यायम्:
TypeNoun
Rootन्याय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हृद्गतम्gone to the heart; reaching the heart
हृद्गतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootहृद्गत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पिबन्drinking
पिबन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अपःwater
अपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
अन्नfood
अन्न:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बुभुक्षमाणःdesiring to eat
बुभुक्षमाणः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
Formसानच् (desiderative present participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तुindeed/and
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
त्रिःthrice
त्रिः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिः
मुखेनwith the mouth
मुखेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
स्पृशेत्should touch
स्पृशेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्पृश्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अपःwater
अपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
भुक्त्वाhaving eaten
भुक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
त्रिःthrice
त्रिः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिः
द्विःtwice
द्विः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्विः
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
परिमार्जयेत्should wipe/clean
परिमार्जयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-मृज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
devālaya (temple)
G
go-vṛnda (cows/cattle area)
C
caitya (shrine)
D
devasambandhī vṛkṣa (sacred trees, implied by context)
V
viśrama-sthāna (resting place)
S
sasya-kṣetra (cultivated fields)
W
water (āpaḥ)

Educational Q&A

Maintain śauca (purity) by respecting sacred and communal spaces—temples, shrines, cattle areas, resting places, and cultivated fields—and by performing prescribed ācāmana and cleansing after common impurity-causing acts such as eating, sneezing, traveling, and excretion.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues advising on dharmic conduct, giving practical rules of daily purity: prohibitions about where to relieve oneself and the proper sequence and manner of ācāmana before and after meals and after other activities.