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Shloka 40

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

त्रीणि देवा: पवित्राणि ब्राह्णानामकल्पयन्‌ । अदृष्टमद्धिर्निर्णिक्ते यच्च वाचा प्रशस्यते

trīṇi devāḥ pavitrāṇi brāhmaṇānām akalpayan | adṛṣṭam addhir nirṇikte yac ca vācā praśasyate ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า— เหล่าเทพได้กำหนดสิ่งชำระให้พราหมณ์สามประการ: อทฤศฏะ คือบุญจากความประพฤติชอบอันมองไม่เห็น, น้ำซึ่งชำระด้วยการล้าง, และสิ่งที่ได้รับการสรรเสริญและทำให้ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ด้วยวาจา—คืออานุภาพแห่งถ้อยคำอันสัตย์และศักดิ์สิทธิ์.

त्रीणिthree
त्रीणि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पवित्राणिpurifiers; means of purification
पवित्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपवित्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
ब्राह्मणानाम्of the Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अकल्पयन्they ordained; they prescribed
अकल्पयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकॢप्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural
अदृष्टम्unseen; unknown
अदृष्टम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअदृष्ट
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अद्भिःwith waters
अद्भिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
निर्णिक्तेis cleansed; is washed off
निर्णिक्ते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनि + रिच्
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
यत्that which
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वाचाby speech; with words
वाचा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रशस्यतेis praised; is commended
प्रशस्यते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + शंस्
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
devāḥ (the gods)
B
brāhmaṇāḥ (Brāhmaṇas)
A
addhiḥ (water)
V
vāk (speech)

Educational Q&A

Purity is threefold: (1) inner, unseen merit born of dharma (adṛṣṭa), (2) external cleansing by water, and (3) sanctification through disciplined, praised speech—suggesting that ethical life requires both conduct and words, not merely ritual washing.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma continues instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma. Here he states a normative rule: the gods established three purifying means for Brāhmaṇas, emphasizing the religious-ethical importance of merit and speech alongside physical purification.