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Shloka 1

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

ऑपन-माज बक। अपि्-छऋाज > यज्ञकर्ता पुरुष 'शम्या' नामक एक काठका डंडा खूब जोर लगाकर फेंकता है

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | śatāyur uktaḥ puruṣaḥ śatavīryaś ca jāyate | kasmān mriyante puruṣā bālā api pitāmaha ||

ยุธิษฐิระกล่าวว่า— “ท่านปิตามหะ! คัมภีร์กล่าวว่ามนุษย์มีอายุหนึ่งร้อยปี และเกิดมาพร้อมพลังกล้าหาญนับร้อยประการ แต่เรากลับเห็นว่าหลายคนตายตั้งแต่วัยเด็ก เหตุใดจึงเป็นเช่นนั้น?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhishthira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
शतायुःhaving a hundred-year lifespan
शतायुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशतायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उक्तःis said/declared
उक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)
पुरुषःa man/person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शतवीर्यःpossessing a hundredfold vigor/power
शतवीर्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशतवीर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जायतेis born
जायते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
कस्मात्from what cause?/why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
म्रियन्तेdie
म्रियन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootमृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
पुरुषाःpeople/men
पुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बालाःyoung/children
बालाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
पितामहO grandfather (Bhishma)
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (addressed as Pitāmaha)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic inquiry into the apparent gap between scriptural ideals (a full hundred-year life with vigor) and lived reality (premature death), preparing for an explanation in terms of causes such as karma, conduct, and other determining factors discussed by Bhīṣma.

In the Anuśāsana-parvan instruction sequence, Yudhiṣṭhira respectfully questions Bhīṣma about why many humans die in childhood despite scriptural statements about a hundred-year lifespan.