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Shloka 1

Tapas-śreṣṭhatā: Anāśana as the Highest Austerity

Bhagīratha–Brahmā Saṃvāda

अपन क्रा बछ। सं: त>र्योधिकशततमो< ध्याय: ब्रह्माजी और भगीरथका संवाद

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca—dānaṃ bahuvidhākāraṃ śāntiḥ satyam ahiṃsitām | svadāra-tuṣṭiś ca uktā te phalaṃ dānasya caiva yat | tapobalāt paraṃ kiṃ nu balaṃ bhavati te mate | yadi tapasyā api kiṃcid utkṛṣṭaṃ sādhanam asti, tan me vyākhyātuṃ arhasi ||

ยุธิษฐิระกล่าวว่า “ท่านปิตามหะ ผู้เป็นอาวุโสสูงสุด ท่านได้พรรณนาทานนานาประการ พร้อมทั้งสันติ ความสัตย์ และอหิงสา อีกทั้งสั่งสอนให้ยินดีพอใจในภรรยาของตน และได้อธิบายผลแห่งทานแล้ว ในทัศนะของท่าน พลังใดเล่าที่สูงกว่าพลังอันเกิดจากตบะ? และหากยังมีวัตรปฏิบัติใดที่ประเสริฐยิ่งกว่าตบะ ก็ขอท่านโปรดแสดงให้เราทั้งหลายเข้าใจโดยชัดแจ้งเถิด”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दानम्gift; charity
दानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बहुविधाकारम्of many kinds/forms
बहुविधाकारम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुविधाकार
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शान्तिःpeace; tranquility
शान्तिः:
TypeNoun
Rootशान्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अहिंसितम्non-violent; not harming
अहिंसितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअहिंसित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्वदारतुष्टिःcontentment with one’s own wife
स्वदारतुष्टिः:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वदारतुष्टि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
श्लोक्ताthe one who has declared/expounded
श्लोक्ता:
TypeNoun
Rootश्लोक्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेof you; your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
फलम्fruit; result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दानस्यof giving/charity
दानस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
यत्which; that (what)
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

गौतम उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a hierarchy of dharmic practices—charity, peace, truth, non-violence, and marital fidelity—and asks whether austerity (tapas) surpasses them, or whether an even higher discipline exists. It sets up an ethical inquiry into what most powerfully transforms character and leads to spiritual merit.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma as ‘Grandfather’ and, after hearing teachings on dāna and allied virtues, requests a deeper explanation about the greatest source of strength—tapas—and any practice superior to it.