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Shloka 15

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

भीष्म उवाच परतन्त्रं कथं हेतुमात्मानमनुपश्यसि । कर्मणां हि महाभाग सूक्ष्म होतदतीन्द्रियम्‌

bhīṣma uvāca | paratantraṁ kathaṁ hetum ātmānam anupaśyasi | karmaṇāṁ hi mahābhāga sūkṣmo hy etad atīndriyam |

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “โอ ผู้ประเสริฐ ท่านย่อมเป็นผู้ขึ้นต่ออยู่เสมอ—อยู่ใต้อำนาจแห่งกาล (เวลา), อทฤษฏะคือชะตาที่มองไม่เห็น, และพระผู้เป็นเจ้า; แล้วเหตุใดท่านจึงเห็นตนเองเป็นเหตุแห่งกรรมอันเป็นมงคลและอัปมงคลเล่า? เพราะเหตุแท้จริงแห่งการกระทำนั้นละเอียดลึกยิ่ง และพ้นวิสัยแห่งประสาทสัมผัส”

{'bhīṣma uvāca''Bhishma said', 'paratantram': 'dependent on another
{'bhīṣma uvāca':
not autonomous (under higher powers such as time, fate, God)', 'katham''how? why?', 'hetum': 'cause
not autonomous (under higher powers such as time, fate, God)', 'katham':
responsible factor', 'ātmānam''oneself
responsible factor', 'ātmānam':
the self (as the doer/agent)', 'anupaśyasi''you perceive/consider
the self (as the doer/agent)', 'anupaśyasi':
you look upon (as)', 'karmaṇām''of actions/deeds', 'mahābhāga': 'O fortunate/noble one (honorific address)', 'sūkṣmaḥ': 'subtle
you look upon (as)', 'karmaṇām':
hard to discern', 'hi''indeed
hard to discern', 'hi':
for', 'etat''this', 'atīndriyam': 'beyond the senses
for', 'etat':

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma challenges the assumption of complete personal authorship of deeds, stressing that the real causes behind action are subtle and supersensory; human agency operates under larger determinants such as time, unseen destiny, and the divine order, so moral reflection should include humility about causation.

In Bhishma’s instruction, he addresses his interlocutor as “mahābhāga” and questions why the person claims to be the direct cause of good and bad actions, introducing a teaching on the hidden, complex causality of karma.