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Shloka 11

ययाति–दौहित्रसंवादः

Yayāti and the Grandsons: Discourse on Lokas, Dāna, and Satya

वाक्सायका वदनान्निष्पतन्ति यैराहत: शोचति रात्र्यहानि । परस्य नामर्मसु ते पतन्ति तान्‌ पण्डितो नावसूजेत्‌ परेषु,दुष्ट मनुष्योंक मुखसे कटु वचनरूपी बाण सदा छूटते रहते हैं, जिनसे आहत होकर मनुष्य रात-दिन शोक और चिन्तामें डूबा रहता है। वे वाग्बाण दूसरोंके मर्मस्थानोंपर ही चोट करते हैं। अतः विद्वान पुरुष दूसरेके प्रति ऐसी कठोर वाणीका प्रयोग न करे

vāksāyakā vadanān niṣpatanti yair āhataḥ śocati rātryahāni | parasya nāmarmasu te patanti tān paṇḍito nāvasūjet pareṣu ||

ศักระตรัสว่า “จากปากย่อมพุ่งออกมาเป็นลูกศรคือวาจา ผู้ถูกมันทำร้ายย่อมเศร้าโศกทั้งกลางวันและกลางคืน ลูกศรวาจานั้นมักตกต้องจุดอ่อนไหวของผู้อื่น ฉะนั้นบัณฑิตไม่ควรยิงวาจาหยาบกร้านใส่ใคร”

वाक्speech, word
वाक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सायकाarrows
सायका:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसायका
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वदनात्from the mouth
वदनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवदन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
निष्पतन्तिfly out, shoot forth
निष्पतन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√पत्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यैःby which
यैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
आहतःstruck, wounded
आहतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-√हन्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
शोचतिgrieves
शोचति:
TypeVerb
Root√शुच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
रात्रि-अहानिnights and days (day and night)
रात्रि-अहानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि + अहन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
परस्यof another, of others
परस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
नामname
नाम:
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मर्मसुin the vital spots, sensitive points
मर्मसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
तेthey (those)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पतन्तिfall, strike, alight
पतन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√पत्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तान्those (words/arrows)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पण्डितःa wise man
पण्डितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपण्डित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अवसूजेत्should not discharge/let loose
अवसूजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-√सृज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
परेषुtowards/among others
परेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural

शक्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)
V
vāk-sāyaka (speech-arrows)
M
marma (vital/sensitive points)

Educational Q&A

Words can wound as sharply as weapons, causing lasting sorrow; therefore, the wise restrain harsh, contemptuous speech and avoid striking others at their vulnerable points.

Śakra (Indra) delivers a moral instruction, using the metaphor of ‘speech-arrows’ to warn that cruel words inflict deep, enduring pain, and he advises cultivated conduct in speech toward others.