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Shloka 23

Khāṇḍava-dāha: Indra’s Countermeasures and the Nāga Aśvasena’s Escape (आदि पर्व, अध्याय २१८)

वायुदेव उवाच स्वयंवर: क्षत्रियाणां विवाह: पुरुषर्षभ । स च संशयित: पार्थ स्वभावस्यानिमित्तत:,स त्वमर्जुन कल्याणीं प्रसहा्‌ भगिनीं मम । हर स्वयंवरे हाुस्या: को वै वेद चिकीर्षितम्‌ अत: अर्जुन! मेरी राय तो यही है कि तुम मेरी कल्याणमयी बहिनको बलपूर्वक हर ले जाओ। कौन जानता है, स्वयंवरमें उसकी क्या चेष्टा होगी--वह किसे वरण करना चाहेगी?

Vāyudeva uvāca: svayaṃvaraḥ kṣatriyāṇāṃ vivāhaḥ puruṣarṣabha | sa ca saṃśayitaḥ Pārtha svabhāvasyānimittataḥ | sa tvam Arjuna kalyāṇīṃ prasahya bhaginīṃ mama | hara svayaṃvare hāsyaḥ ko vai veda cikīrṣitam ||

วายุเทพตรัสว่า “โอ บุรุษผู้ประเสริฐ ในหมู่กษัตริย์นักรบ การเลือกคู่ด้วยสยัมวรเป็นแบบวิวาห์ที่ยอมรับกัน แต่โอ ปารถะ เรื่องนี้ยังน่าเคลือบแคลง เพราะการเลือกของสตรีบางคราวเกิดจากสันดานของนางเอง โดยไร้เหตุภายนอกอันชัดแจ้ง ดังนั้น อรชุนเอ๋ย จงฉวยและพาน้องสาวผู้เป็นมงคลของเราหนีไปด้วยกำลังจากสยัมวรเถิด ใครเล่าจะรู้ได้แท้ว่า ณ ที่นั้นนางคิดสิ่งใด—จะเลือกผู้ใดเป็นคู่?”

वायुदेवःVāyudeva (the Wind-god)
वायुदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायुदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्वयंवरःa svayaṃvara (self-choice ceremony)
स्वयंवरः:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वयंवर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियाणाम्of kṣatriyas
क्षत्रियाणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
विवाहःmarriage
विवाहः:
TypeNoun
Rootविवाह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषर्षभO bull among men
पुरुषर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सःthat (it/he)
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संशयितःdoubtful/uncertain
संशयितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसंशयित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पार्थO Pārtha
पार्थ:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
स्वभावस्यof (her) nature
स्वभावस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वभाव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अनिमित्ततःwithout any evident cause; causelessly
अनिमित्ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनिमित्ततः
सःtherefore/that (he)
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
अर्जुनO Arjuna
अर्जुन:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कल्याणीम्auspicious; virtuous (woman)
कल्याणीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकल्याणी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रसह्यby force; forcibly
प्रसह्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रसह्य
भगिनीम्sister
भगिनीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभगिनी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ममmy
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
हरcarry off; abduct
हर:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्वयंवरेin the svayaṃvara
स्वयंवरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वयंवर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हास्याःof ridicule/laughter
हास्याः:
TypeNoun
Rootहास्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
चिकीर्षितम्intended act; what is intended to be done
चिकीर्षितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचिकीर्षित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva
A
Arjuna
P
Pārtha
V
Vāyudeva’s sister (unnamed in this verse)
S
svayaṃvara

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a tension within kṣatriya social ethics: svayaṃvara is acknowledged as a legitimate marriage form, yet anxiety about unpredictable choice leads to advocating forcible abduction. It foregrounds how concerns about honor, uncertainty, and control can conflict with ideals of orderly, consent-based selection.

Vāyudeva addresses Arjuna, stating that while svayaṃvara is a standard kṣatriya practice, the outcome is uncertain because the woman may choose according to her own disposition. He therefore urges Arjuna to forcibly carry off Vāyudeva’s sister from the svayaṃvara, arguing that no one can know whom she intends to choose.