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Shloka 1

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 188 — Draupadī-Vivāha Dharma-Vicāra

Debate on the Legitimacy of One Wife for Five

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके ५ ३६ “लोक मिलाकर कुल ३३३ “लोक हैं) नील (0) आफ +लअस+- अष्टा शीर्त्याधिकशततमोब् ध्याय: द्रपदको मारनेके लिये उद्यत हुए राजाओंका सामना करनेके लिये भीम और अर्जुनका उद्यत होना और उनके विषयमें भगवान्‌ श्रीकृष्णका बलरामजीसे वार्तालाप वैशम्पायन उवाच तस्मै दित्सति कनन्‍्यां तु ब्राह्मणाय तदा नृपे । कोप आसीन्महीपानामालोक्यान्योन्यमन्तिकात्‌,वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--जनमेजय! राजा ट्रुपद उस ब्राह्मणको कन्या देना चाहते हैं, यह जानकर उस समय राजाओंको बड़ा क्रोध हुआ और वे एक-दूसरेको देखकर तथा समीप आकर इस प्रकार कहने लगे--

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: tasmai ditsati kanyāṁ tu brāhmaṇāya tadā nṛpe | kopa āsīn mahīpānām ālokyānyonyam antikāt ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า— ข้าแต่มหาราช (ชนเมชยะ)! ครั้นพระเจ้าทรุปทะประสงค์จะยกพระธิดาให้แก่พราหมณ์ผู้นั้น เหล่ากษัตริย์ทั้งหลายก็เดือดดาลด้วยโทสะ ต่างมองหน้ากันแล้วเข้ามาใกล้ ก่อนจะกล่าวกันดังนี้

वैशम्पायनःVaiśampāyana
वैशम्पायनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशम्पायन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्मैto him
तस्मै:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Dative, Singular
दित्सतिwishes to give
दित्सति:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, Lat, Desiderative (san) form: 'wishes to give'
कन्यांa maiden/daughter
कन्यां:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
ब्राह्मणायto a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
तदाthen/at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
नृपेwhen/with the king; O king
नृपे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular, Vocative sense in address is also possible; here taken as locative with 'तदा' (when the king...)
कोपःanger
कोपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकोप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आसीत्was/arose
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, Lan
महीपानाम्of the kings
महीपानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमहीप
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
आलोक्यhaving seen/looking at
आलोक्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआलोक्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
अन्योन्यम्each other
अन्योन्यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्योन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, Reciprocal usage: 'each other'
अन्तिकात्from near/at close quarters
अन्तिकात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तिक
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya
D
Drupada
B
brāhmaṇa
K
kings (mahīpāḥ)
K
kanyā (the maiden/daughter)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how attachment to status and entitlement can ignite anger and collective hostility. Ethically, it warns that decisions about marriage and honor, if driven by pride rather than dharma, can rapidly destabilize social order and lead toward violence.

Vaiśampāyana tells Janamejaya that Drupada intends to give his daughter to a brāhmaṇa. Hearing this, the gathered kings become enraged; they look at one another, move closer, and begin to confer—setting the stage for confrontation.