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Shloka 2

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 181 — Svayaṃvara Aftermath: Arjuna–Karna Exchange and Bhīma–Śalya Contest

जानता वै परं धर्म वसिष्ठेन महात्मना । अगम्यागमनं कस्मात्‌ कृतं तेन महर्षिणा,तथा उत्तम धर्मके ज्ञाता महात्मा महर्षि वसिष्ठने यह परस्त्रीगमनका पाप कैसे किया?

jānatā vai paraṃ dharmaṃ vasiṣṭhena mahātmanā | agamyāgamanam kasmāt kṛtaṃ tena maharṣiṇā ||

อรชุนกล่าวว่า “มหาฤๅษีวสิษฐะผู้มีจิตยิ่งใหญ่ย่อมรู้ธรรมอันสูงสุดแท้จริง แล้วไฉนท่านจึงกระทำ ‘อคัมยาคมนะ’ คือการเข้าไปหาสิ่งที่ไม่ควรเข้าไปหา อันเป็นความผิดทางกามอันต้องห้ามได้เล่า?”

जानताknowing
जानता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजानत् (√ज्ञा)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
परम्supreme
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वसिष्ठेनby Vasiṣṭha
वसिष्ठेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवसिष्ठ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
महात्मनाby the great-souled one
महात्मना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अगम्यnot to be approached, forbidden
अगम्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootअगम्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आगमनम्approach, going (to)
आगमनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआगमन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कस्मात्from what cause? why?
कस्मात्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
कृतम्done, committed
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृत (√कृ)
FormPerfective (past participle), Singular
तेनby him
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
महर्षिणाby the great sage
महर्षिणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
V
Vasiṣṭha

Educational Q&A

The verse raises a classic dharma-question: even a knower of the highest moral law may appear to commit a grave transgression, prompting inquiry into context, intention, compulsion, and the complexity of ethical judgment in epic narrative.

Arjuna voices astonishment and doubt: since the sage Vasiṣṭha is renowned as a master of dharma, Arjuna asks why he performed an act described as ‘agamya-āgamanam’—approaching what is forbidden—framing the episode as a moral puzzle that demands explanation.