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Shloka 1

पाण्डोः श्राद्धं, सत्यवत्याः वनगमनम्, बाल्यस्पर्धा च

Pāṇḍu’s Śrāddha, Satyavatī’s Withdrawal, and Childhood Rivalry

ऑपनआक्ाा बछ। अर: अष्टादशाधिकशततमोब<् ध्याय: पाण्डुका अनुताप, संन्यास लेनेका निश्चय तथा पत्नियोंके अनुरोधसे वानप्रस्थ-आश्रममें प्रवेश वैशम्पायन उवाच तं॑ व्यतीतमतिक्रम्य राजा स्वमिव बान्धवम्‌ | सभार्य: शोकदु:खार्त: पर्यदेवयदातुर:,वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--जनमेजय! उन मृगरूपधारी मुनिको मरा हुआ छोड़कर राजा पाण्डु जब आगे बढ़े, तब पत्नीसहित शोक और दुःखसे आतुर हो अपने सगे भाई- बन्धुकी भाँति उनके लिये विलाप करने लगे तथा अपनी भूलपर पश्चात्ताप करते हुए कहने लगे

Vaiśampāyana uvāca |

Taṁ vyatītam atikramya rājā svam iva bāndhavam |

Sabhāryaḥ śoka-duḥkhārtaḥ paryadevayad āturaḥ ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า— “โอ้ชนเมชยะ! ครั้นกษัตริย์ปาณฑุเดินล่วงไป โดยทอดทิ้งฤๅษีผู้แปลงกายเป็นกวางนั้นไว้ในสภาพสิ้นชีวิตแล้ว พระองค์พร้อมด้วยพระมเหสีทั้งหลายก็ถูกความโศกและทุกข์ครอบงำ คร่ำครวญด้วยความร้อนรน ราวกับร่ำไห้ต่อญาติสนิท และระลึกถึงความผิดของตนพร้อมแสดงความสำนึกผิดออกมา”

वैशम्पायनःVaishampayana
वैशम्पायनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशम्पायन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तम्him/that one
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
व्यतीतम्gone past, left behind
व्यतीतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + अति + इ (→ व्यतीत)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अतिक्रम्यhaving passed beyond
अतिक्रम्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति + क्रम्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वम्one's own
स्वम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
बान्धवम्kinsman, relative
बान्धवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबान्धव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स-भार्यःtogether with (his) wives
स-भार्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभार्या
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शोक-दुःख-आर्तःdistressed by grief and sorrow
शोक-दुःख-आर्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पर्यदेवयत्lamented, wailed
पर्यदेवयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + दिव् (पर्यदेवयति)
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आतुरःafflicted, distressed
आतुरः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआतुर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya
P
Pāṇḍu
P
Pāṇḍu's wives (Kuntī and Mādrī, implied)
T
the deer-formed sage (ṛṣi in mṛga-rūpa, implied)

Educational Q&A

Even unintended wrongdoing carries moral weight: a ruler must acknowledge harm, grieve for the victim, and accept responsibility. The verse highlights conscience (an ethical response) as integral to dharma, especially for a king whose actions affect others.

After the deer-formed sage has been killed (in the preceding context), Pāṇḍu moves on but immediately breaks into lamentation. With his wives, he mourns the slain ascetic as if he were a close relative, expressing distress and the beginning of repentance that will shape his later renunciatory decisions.