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Shloka 1

नियोगप्रसङ्गः — The Niyoga Episode: Births of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Pāṇḍu, and Vidura

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके ४ ३ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल २८३ लोक हैं) नवनवतितमो< ध्याय: महर्षि वसिष्ठद्वारा वसुओंको शाप प्राप्त होनेकी कथा शान्तनुरुवाच आपतवो नाम को न्वेष वसूनां कि च दुष्कृतम्‌ । यस्याभिशापात्‌ ते सर्वे मानुषी योनिमागता:,शान्तनुने पूछा--देवि! ये आपव नामके महात्मा कौन हैं? और वसुओंका क्‍या अपराध था, जिससे आपवके शापसे उन सबको मनुष्य-योनिमें आना पड़ा

Śāntanur uvāca: Āpavo nāma ko ’nveṣa vasūnāṁ kiṁ ca duṣkṛtam | yasyābhiśāpāt te sarve mānuṣīṁ yonim āgatāḥ ||

ศานตนุทูลถามว่า “เทวี! มหาฤษีผู้มีนามว่า ‘อาปวะ’ นั้นคือผู้ใด? และเหล่าวสุได้กระทำความผิดประการใด จึงต้องตกอยู่ในครรภ์มนุษย์ทั้งปวงเพราะคำสาปของท่าน?”

शान्तनुःŚāntanu
शान्तनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशान्तनु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
आपतवःthe Āpatavas (a group/name)
आपतवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआपतव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नामby name / named
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनामन्
कःwho?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नुindeed / pray
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
एषःthis (one)?
एषः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वसूनाम्of the Vasus
वसूनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवसु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दुष्कृतम्misdeed / wrongdoing
दुष्कृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्कृत
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यस्यof whom / whose
यस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अभिशापात्from (his) curse
अभिशापात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअभिशाप
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मानुषीम्human
मानुषीम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुषी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
योनिम्womb/birth; state of birth
योनिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयोनि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आगताःhaving come / having attained
आगताः:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
Formक्त (past passive participle, used predicatively), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Ś
Śāntanu
D
Devi (Gaṅgā, implied addressee in this episode)
Ā
Āpava (sage, connected with Vasiṣṭha in the narrative tradition)
V
Vasus
C
Curse (abhiśāpa)
H
Human womb/birth (mānuṣī yoni)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights moral accountability: status does not exempt anyone from consequences. Even celestial beings (the Vasus) must bear the results of wrongdoing, and a sage’s curse represents the ethical force that compels restitution through lived experience (human birth).

King Śāntanu questions the goddess (Gaṅgā) about the identity of the sage named Āpava and asks what offense the Vasus committed that led to their being cursed to take human birth.